Dogs recall their owner's face upon hearing the owner's voice
Dogs recall their owner's face upon hearing the owner's voice
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s10071-006-0025-8
复制
发表时间：
2007-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Fujita, Kazuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adachi, Ikuma;Kuwahata, Hiroko;Fujita, Kazuo
我们测试了狗是否具有人类个体的跨模式表征。在播放其中一个人的声音后，我们在液晶显示器上向家养的狗展示了主人或陌生人的脸部照片。声音和面孔在一半试验中匹配（一致条件），而在另一半试验中不匹配（不一致条件）。如果我们的受试者激活声音的视觉图像，他们的期望将在不一致的情况下矛盾。这将导致受试者在不一致条件下比在一致条件下注视时间更长。我们的受试者狗在不一致条件下比在一致条件下观察视觉刺激的时间更长。这表明，当狗听到主人呼唤它们时，它们会主动生成主人面部的内部表征。这是首次证明非人类动物不仅将听觉和视觉刺激联系起来，而且还主动从听觉信息中生成视觉图像。此外，我们的受试者在主人的脸跟随陌生人的声音的不一致条件下观察视觉刺激的时间也比在主人的脸跟随主人的声音的一致条件下观察视觉刺激的时间更长。响应不熟悉的声音生成特定的视觉图像应该是困难的，并且来自声音的任何预期图像应该比所有者的图像更模糊或更不明确。然而，我们的受试者在不一致条件下比在一致条件下注视主人脸部的时间更长。这可能表明，狗在听到陌生人的声音时可能已经预测到它不应该是主人。
We tested whether dogs have a cross-modal representation of human individuals. We presented domestic dogs with a photo of either the owner's or a stranger's face on the LCD monitor after playing back a voice of one of those persons. A voice and a face matched in half of the trials (Congruent condition) and mismatched in the other half (Incongruent condition). If our subjects activate visual images of the voice, their expectation would be contradicted in Incongruent condition. It would result in the subjects' longer looking times in Incongruent condition than in Congruent condition. Our subject dogs looked longer at the visual stimulus in Incongruent condition than in Congruent condition. This suggests that dogs actively generate their internal representation of the owner's face when they hear the owner calling them. This is the first demonstration that nonhuman animals do not merely associate auditory and visual stimuli but also actively generate a visual image from auditory information. Furthermore, our subject also looked at the visual stimulus longer in Incongruent condition in which the owner's face followed an unfamiliar person's voice than in Congruent condition in which the owner's face followed the owner's voice. Generating a particular visual image in response to an unfamiliar voice should be difficult, and any expected images from the voice ought to be more obscure or less well defined than that of the owners. However, our subjects looked longer at the owner's face in Incongruent condition than in Congruent condition. This may indicate that dogs may have predicted that it should not be the owner when they heard the unfamiliar person's voice.