Anthropogenic drivers of avian community turnover from local to regional scales
Anthropogenic drivers of avian community turnover from local to regional scales
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15967
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发表时间：
2021-11-08
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Hurlbert, Allen H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Cecco, Grace J.;Hurlbert, Allen H.
人为变化改变了地球仪生态群落的组成和功能。因此，有必要开展研究，审查观察到的群落组成变化，并确定人为变化驱动因素是否以及如何影响这种更替。特别是，它也是重要的，以确定在何种程度上社区营业额是特质或营业额可以解释为可预测的反应，跨物种的基础上的性状或生态位特征。在这里，我们使用排序方法测量了1990年至2016年北美鸟类群落的周转率，并将周转率建模为土地利用和气候变化驱动因素的函数，从地方到区域尺度。我们还研究了营业额可能归因于物种群，包括觅食公会，营养组，迁移距离，繁殖生物群系。我们发现，在当地尺度上，土地利用变化解释了更大比例的营业额比气候变化变量的方差，而随着规模的增加，温度的趋势解释了更大比例的营业额的方差。我们还发现，在整个研究区域，营业额可以归因于少数几个物种在研究期间经历了强烈的扩张或强烈的下降。我们没有观察到一致的模式组成的变化，我们检查的任何性状组，除了那些包括以前确定的高度有影响力的物种。我们的研究结果有两个重要的意义：第一，不同的人为变化驱动因素的相对重要性可能会随规模而变化，这应该在研究全球变化对生物多样性的影响时加以考虑。第二，在北美鸟类群落中，个别物种经历了人口的巨大变化，可能会驱动组成变化的信号，复合社区营业额指标应仔细选择的结果。
Anthropogenic change has altered the composition and function of ecological communities across the globe. As a result, there is a need for studies examining observed community compositional change and determining whether and how anthropogenic change drivers may be influencing that turnover. In particular, it is also important to determine to what extent community turnover is idiosyncratic or if turnover can be explained by predictable responses across species based on traits or niche characteristics. Here, we measured turnover in avian communities across North America from 1990 to 2016 in the Breeding Bird Survey using an ordination method, and modeled turnover as a function of land use and climate change drivers from local to regional scales. We also examined how turnover may be attributed to species groups, including foraging guilds, trophic groups, migratory distance, and breeding biomes. We found that at local scales, land use change explained a greater proportion of variance in turnover than climate change variables, while as scale increased, trends in temperature explained a greater proportion of variance in turnover. We also found across the study region, turnover could be attributed to one of a handful of species undergoing strong expansions or strong declines over the study time period. We did not observe consistent patterns in compositional change in any trait groups we examined except for those that included previously identified highly influential species. Our results have two important implications: First, the relative importance of different anthropogenic change drivers may vary with scale, which should be considered in studies' modeling impacts of global change on biodiversity. Second, in North American avian communities, individual species undergoing large shifts in population may drive signals in compositional change, and composite community turnover metrics should be carefully selected as a result.