SUICIDE AND FERTILITY - A STUDY OF MORAL STATISTICS
SUICIDE AND FERTILITY - A STUDY OF MORAL STATISTICS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf01797209
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发表时间：
1992-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
DURKHEIM, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DURKHEIM, E
下面这篇论文最初发表于1888年，并为本期杂志专门从法语翻译而来。作者埃米尔·涂尔干（Emile Durkheim，1858-1917）经常被描述为社会学的创始人之一，他对这一学科的贡献无疑是巨大的。在这篇论文中，这是他工作的特色，他声称证明了D？法国的议会，并解释为什么这种关系是可以预期的。我们翻译了这篇论文，因为我们相信涂尔干的工作具有更大的当代意义，值得人口科学家给予更多的关注。像他那个时代的许多学者一样，涂尔干全神贯注于社会团结问题。他和其他许多人都认为现代欧洲社会的弊病，他对此感到担忧，认为其根源在于这些社会在发展过程中社会团结被削弱。个人利益和社会利益已经发生分歧。道德个人主义的进步被利己主义和失范的压力所破坏。涂尔干认为，这种不健康的一个指标是自杀率，因为自杀意味着个人与社会之间的联系完全瓦解。这篇1888年的论文标志着一项关于自杀的重大实证研究的开始，其结果是他于1897年出版的著名专著《自杀》。在这篇文章中，他收集了自杀率的社会差异证据，以支持自杀率与社会群体的融合程度成反比的观点。这本书（1952年以英文出版）对社会学的发展产生了深远的影响，并继续对自杀研究产生主导影响。为什么出生率下降，自杀率却上升？涂尔干认为家庭的活力和团结越强？这体现在”健康”的出生率和低离婚率上？它就越能保护我们
The paper that follows was originally published in 1888, and has been specially translated from the French for this issue of the journal. The author, Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) is often described as one of the founding fathers of sociology, and his contribution to that discipline has certainly been immense. In this paper, which is characteristic of his work, he claims to demonstrate an inverse relationship between the suicide rate and the birth rate for the D? partements of France, and to explain why this relationship was to be expected. We had the paper translated because we believe that Durkheim's work has much contemporary significance, and merits more attention than it has yet received from population scientists. Like many scholars of his day, Durkheim was preoccupied with the issue of social solidarity. Concerned with what he and many others saw as the malaise of modern European societies, he believed that its roots were in the way social solidarity had been weakened in these societies in the process of their development. The interests of individual and society had diverged. Progress towards moral individualism had been undermined by pressures towards egoism and anomie. One index of the malaise was, argued Durkheim, the suicide rate, for suicide implied a complete disintegration of the bond between individual and society. The 1888 paper marked the start of a major empirical study of suicide, the result of which was his famous monograph Suicide, published in 1897. In this he assembled evidence of social differentials in the suicide rate to support the proposition that it varied inversely with the degree of integration of the social group. The book (published in English in 1952) had a profound effect on the development of sociology, and continues to have a dominant influence on the study of suicide. Why should the suicide rate rise when the birth rate declines? Durkheim argues that the greater the vigour and unity of the family? as manifested in a" healthy" birth rate and a low rate of marital dissolution? the more it serves as a protection against