Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Behavioral sensitivity to changing reinforcement contingencies in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/jcpp.12561
复制
发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Tripp, Gail
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alsop, Brent;Furukawa, Emi;Tripp, Gail
背景：对正强化的敏感性改变已被假设为引起注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的症状。在这项研究中，我们评估了ADHD儿童和非ADHD儿童适应不断变化的强化物可用性的能力。方法：167名ADHD儿童中，97名完成了一项信号检测任务，在该任务中，对两种刺激的正确辨别与不同频率的强化有关。与高强化率相关的反应选择在任务期间无预警地切换了两次。对于一部分参与者，接下来的试验中，无论他们的表现如何，都没有给予任何强化。结果：两组儿童最初都倾向于更频繁的强化反应替代方案。当反应选择与较高的强化率转换相关时，儿童的反应分配（偏差）也随之发生，但ADHD儿童的这种影响明显较小。当强化停止时，只有对照组的孩子改变了他们的反应模式。结论：与正常发育的儿童相比，ADHD儿童对不断变化的强化物可用性的行为反应调整更少，当强化是间歇性的，并且行为与其后果之间的关联是不确定的。这也许可以解释多动症儿童在日常生活中难以适应新情况，以及不同的强化偶然性。
Background: Altered sensitivity to positive reinforcement has been hypothesized to contribute to the symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, we evaluated the ability of children with and without ADHD to adapt their behavior to changing reinforcer availability. Method: Of one hundred sixty-seven children, 97 diagnosed with ADHD completed a signal-detection task in which correct discriminations between two stimuli were associated with different frequencies of reinforcement. The response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched twice during the task without warning. For a subset of participants, this was followed by trials for which no reinforcement was delivered, irrespective of performance. Results: Children in both groups developed an initial bias toward the more frequently reinforced response alternative. When the response alternative associated with the higher rate of reinforcement switched, the children's response allocation (bias) followed suit, but this effect was significantly smaller for children with ADHD. When reinforcement was discontinued, only children in the control group modified their response pattern. Conclusions: Children with ADHD adjust their behavioral responses to changing reinforcer availability less than typically developing children, when reinforcement is intermittent and the association between an action and its consequences is uncertain. This may explain the difficulty children with ADHD have adapting their behavior to new situations, with different reinforcement contingencies, in daily life.