Gut Microbiota, Fusobacteria, and Colorectal Cancer.
Gut Microbiota, Fusobacteria, and Colorectal Cancer.
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DOI：
10.3390/diseases6040109
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发表时间：
2018-12-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Pei, Zhiheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kelly, Dervla;Yang, Liying;Pei, Zhiheng
在动物模型和人类研究中，肠道微生物群已成为结直肠癌 (CRC) 的环境因素。现在人们普遍认为细菌是所有暴露的人体表面（包括整个消化道）中普遍存在的定殖者 (5)。最近，对众所周知的结肠细菌微生物群的研究中出现了这样的概念：正常细菌微生物群对于炎症诱发的癌症的发展至关重要。本综述探讨了梭杆菌作用的证据，梭杆菌是一种厌氧革兰氏阴性细菌，在结直肠肿瘤部位多次检测到，其丰度高于周围组织学正常组织。机制研究提供了关于梭杆菌、其他肠道微生物群、屏障功能和宿主反应之间相互作用的见解。研究表明，梭杆菌可激活宿主炎症反应，旨在防御促进肿瘤生长的病原体。我们讨论未来研究确定结直肠癌期间梭杆菌结肠定植的病理生理学可能如何导致新的癌症治疗靶点。此外，通过细菌靶向局部肿瘤环境来抑制肿瘤发展的疾病保护策略代表了研究人员的另一个令人兴奋的途径，并且在本次综述中得到了强调。
The gut microbiota has emerged as an environmental contributor to colorectal cancer (CRC) in both animal models and human studies. It is now generally accepted that bacteria are ubiquitous colonizers of all exposed human body surfaces, including the entire alimentary tract (5). Recently, the concept that a normal bacterial microbiota is essential for the development of inflammation-induced carcinoma has emerged from studies of well-known colonic bacterial microbiota. This review explores the evidence for a role of fusobacteria, an anaerobic gram-negative bacterium that has repeatedly been detected at colorectal tumor sites in higher abundance than surrounding histologically normal tissue. Mechanistic studies provide insight on the interplay between fusobacteria, other gut microbiota, barrier functions, and host responses. Studies have shown that fusobacteria activate host inflammatory responses designed to protect against pathogens that promote tumor growth. We discuss how future research identifying the pathophysiology underlying fusobacteria colon colonization during colorectal cancer may lead to new therapeutic targets for cancer. Furthermore, disease-protective strategies suppressing tumor development by targeting the local tumor environment via bacteria represent another exciting avenue for researchers and are highlighted in this review.