The anaerobic digestion process
The anaerobic digestion process
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厌氧消化过程
DOI：
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发表时间：
1996
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Boone
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Rivard;D. Boone
微生物将有机物转化为甲烷和二氧化碳的过程非常复杂，厌氧消化池长期以来一直被视为{open_quotes}黑匣子{close_quotes}。在过去的几十年里，对这一过程的研究逐渐揭示了这一复杂性，但仍然存在许多问题。产甲烷菌形成甲烷的主要生化反应在很大程度上得到了理解，进化研究表明，这些微生物与细菌的不同之处，就像它们与植物和动物的不同之处一样。在厌氧消化器中，产甲烷菌处于代谢网络的末端，在代谢网络中，无数其他微生物的反应产生非常有限的化合物主要是乙酸盐、氢和甲酸盐产甲烷菌在这些化合物上生长并形成甲烷。{open_quotes}种间氢转移{close_quotes}和{open_quotes}种间甲酸盐转移{close_quotes}是产甲烷菌获得底物和挥发性脂肪酸降解的主要机制。我们对厌氧消化中涉及的细菌之间的这些反应和其他复杂相互作用的理解只是到现在，厌氧消化器不再需要被视为黑匣子。
The microbial process of converting organic matter into methane and carbon dioxide is so complex that anaerobic digesters have long been treated as {open_quotes}black boxes{close_quotes}. Research into this process during the past few decades has gradually unraveled this complexity, but many questions remain. The major biochemical reactions for forming methane by methanogens are largely understood, and evolutionary studies indicate that these microbes are as different from bacteria as they are from plants and animals. In anaerobic digesters, methanogens are at the terminus of a metabolic web, in which the reactions of myriads of other microbes produce a very limited range of compounds-mainly acetate, hydrogen, and formate-on which the methanogens grow and from which they form methane. {open_quotes}Interspecies hydrogen-transfer{close_quotes} and {open_quotes}interspecies formate-transfer{close_quotes} are major mechanisms by which methanogens obtain their substrates and by which volatile fatty acids are degraded. Our understanding of these reactions and other complex interactions among the bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion is only now to the point where anaerobic digesters need no longer be treated as black boxes.