The effects of talker familiarity on spoken word identification in younger and older listeners.
The effects of talker familiarity on spoken word identification in younger and older listeners.
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DOI：
10.1037/0882-7974.15.1.88
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发表时间：
2000-03
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Cynthia A. Yonan;Mitchell S. Sommers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cynthia A. Yonan;Mitchell S. Sommers
本研究旨在考察使用有意（实验 1）或偶然（实验 2）获得的语音信息来辅助口语单词识别的能力的年龄差异。在进行隐式和显式语音学习后，参与者被要求识别熟悉的说话者（他们在训练阶段接触过的人）或 4 个不熟悉的声音所说的新词。在这两项实验中，老年人对说话者声音的外显记忆明显低于年轻听众。然而，尽管语音识别能力随着年龄的增长而下降，但老年人从熟悉的谈话者所说的话中获得的益处与年轻听众相当，在某些情况下甚至更大。讨论了这些发现对外显记忆系统与内隐记忆系统中与年龄相关的变化的影响。
The present study was designed to examine age differences in the ability to use voice information acquired intentionally (Experiment 1) or incidentally (Experiment 2) as an aid to spoken word identification. Following both implicit and explicit voice learning, participants were asked to identify novel words spoken either by familiar talkers (ones they had been exposed to in the training phase) or by 4 unfamiliar voices. In both experiments, explicit memory for talkers' voices was significantly lower in older than in young listeners. Despite this age-related decline in voice recognition, however, older adults exhibited equivalent, and in some cases greater, benefit than young listeners from having words spoken by familiar talkers. Implications of the findings for age-related changes in explicit versus implicit memory systems are discussed.