Performance Evaluation of Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques Designed in Time, Frequency and Cepstrum Domains
Performance Evaluation of Digital Audio Watermarking Techniques Designed in Time, Frequency and Cepstrum Domains
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-540-30198-1_44
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发表时间：
2004-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Murat Sehirli;F. Gürgen;S. Ikizoglu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Murat Sehirli;F. Gürgen;S. Ikizoglu
本文研究了各种音频水印技术在时间域、频率域和倒谱域的性能。执行关于误码率(BER)、客观和主观感知质量、计算复杂性和对诸如低通滤波、再量化和MP3层(MP3)压缩的信号处理的稳健性的比较框架。可以观察到，倒谱域技术在几乎所有标准方面都优于其他技术。此外，结合跳频扩频(FHSS)和频率掩蔽(FM)技术，提出了一种新的水印嵌入技术。实验结果表明，该方法具有较好的压缩性能，对MP3压缩具有较强的鲁棒性。
This study investigates the performances of a variety of audio watermarking techniques designed in time, frequency and cepstrum domains. A framework of comparison is performed with respect to bit error rate (BER), objective and subjective perceptual quality, computational complexity and robustness to signal processing such as low-pass filtering, requantization and MPEG Layer 3 (MP3) compression. It is observed that the cepstrum domain technique is superior to other techniques in terms of almost all criteria. Additionally, a new watermark embedding technique is introduced that combines frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and frequency masking (FM) techniques. It is experimentally concluded that the proposed technique performs fairly well and is robust to MP3 compression.