Translocable glucose transporters in the brain -: Where are we in 2006?
Translocable glucose transporters in the brain -: Where are we in 2006?
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DOI：
10.2337/db06-s021
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发表时间：
2006-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Penicaud, Luc
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alquier, Thierry;Leloup, Corinne;Penicaud, Luc
大脑表达的可转位葡萄糖转运蛋白，GLUT 4，然后GLUT 8的发现，导致了他们在中枢神经系统中的假定作用的问题，特别是与胰岛素的作用。这些转运蛋白的解剖学、细胞和亚细胞定位已被详细描述。已经表明，在外周组织中，这些转运蛋白定位于细胞内池和质膜两者中，这与易位现象是一致的，但是报告胰岛素对GLUT 4和GLUT 8的该性质的影响的数据仍然非常有争议。葡萄糖和胰岛素已显示调节GLUT4表达。根据其解剖学特征，提出了不同的假说。由于与胰岛素受体共定位，胰岛素可能调节特定脑区的葡萄糖摄取。由于胰岛素和GLUT4都在下丘脑的葡萄糖兴奋神经元中表达，因此也提出了在营养感测中的作用。一些研究表明GLUT 8在内质网应激中的作用。虽然已经了解了很多关于它们在中枢神经系统中的细胞特征，但关于它们的生理功能的许多问题仍然没有答案。基因敲除策略，特别是在大脑中，甚至更多的特定核或类型的细胞应该提供新的线索，在中枢神经系统中的两个转运蛋白的生理作用。
The discovery of the brain expression of the translocable glucose transporters, GLUT4 then GLUT8, led to the question of their putative role in the central nervous system, particularly in relation to insulin effect. The anatomical, cellular, and subcellular localization of these transporters has been described in detail. It has been shown that, as in peripheral tissues, these transporters are localized both in an intracellular pool and at the plasma membrane is is coherent with a translocation phenomenon, but e data reporting the effect of insulin on that property of GLUT4 and GLUT8 remains very controversial. Glucose and insulin have been shown to modulate GLUT4 expression. Based on their anatomical features, different hypotheses have been proposed. Because of the colocalization with the insulin receptors, insulin might regulate glucose uptake in specific brain areas. A role in nutrient sensing has also been proposed, since both insulin and GLUT4 are expressed in gluco-excited neurons of the hypothalamus. Some studies suggest a role for GLUT8 in the endoplasmic reticulum stress. Whereas much has been learned about their cellular features in the central nervous system, many questions remain unanswered concerning their physiological functions. Gene knockout strategy specifically in the brain and even more in specific nuclei or type of cells should provide new clues to the physiological role of both transporters in the central nervous system.