The Associations Between Proactive Slowing, Working Memory, Alcohol Sensitivity, and Alcohol Use
The Associations Between Proactive Slowing, Working Memory, Alcohol Sensitivity, and Alcohol Use
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2021.82.142
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Jones, Andrew
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baines, Laura;Jones, Andrew
目的：“反应性”抑制控制与重度饮酒和酒精依赖有关。然而，大多数研究忽略了主动控制的下游影响——在检查酒精使用行为时准备保留反应。这些关系背后的潜在机制也知之甚少。在酒精相关线索存在的情况下，研究人员进行了两项研究，以调查重度饮酒者主动控制和反应控制的作用，并研究工作记忆容量和酒精敏感性的潜在中介作用。方法：重度饮酒者（研究1:n = 108；研究2:n = 116）完成了在线自我报告的酒精使用测量，随后在酒精相关提示（研究1：图像；研究2：文字）和使用中性相关图像（研究1）和酒精相关图像（研究2）的自排序指向任务中完成了一个改进的停止信号任务。结果：研究1；渴望和工作记忆能力预测了酒精的使用。在研究2中，工作记忆容量与停止信号反应时间是酒精使用的负向预测因子；但整体回归模型不显著。当对两项研究进行汇总分析以增加权力时，只观察到渴望和饮酒之间存在强烈的联系。结论：这些研究不支持酒精使用指数与工作记忆容量、反应性控制和主动减速之间的联系。
Objective: "Reactive" inhibitory control is associated with heavy drinking and alcohol dependence. However, the majority of research ignores the downstream influence of proactive control-the preparation to withhold responses when examining alcohol use behaviors. The potential mechanisms behind these relationships are also poorly understood. Two studies were conducted to investigate the role of proactive and reactive control in heavy drinkers, in the presence of alcohol-related cues, and to examine the potential mediating effects of working memory capacity and alcohol sensitivity. Method: Heavy drinkers (Study 1: n = 108; Study 2: n = 116) completed online self-reported measures of alcohol use followed by a modified stop-signal task in the presence of alcohol-related cues (Study 1: images; Study 2: words) and a self-ordered pointing task using neutral-related images (Study 1) and alcohol-related images (Study 2). Results: In Study 1. craving and working memory capacity predicted alcohol use. In Study 2, working memory capacity was a negative predictor of alcohol use alongside stop-signal reaction times; however, the overall regression model was not significant. When conducting pooled analyses across both studies to increase power, only a robust association between craving and alcohol use was observed. Conclusions: These studies provide no support for the associations between alcohol use indices and working memory capacity, reactive control, and proactive slowing.