An Investigation of the NOCSAE Linear Impactor Test Method Based on In Vivo Measures of Head Impact Acceleration in American Football
An Investigation of the NOCSAE Linear Impactor Test Method Based on In Vivo Measures of Head Impact Acceleration in American Football
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DOI：
10.1115/1.4000249
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Greenwald, Richard M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gwin, Joseph T.;Chu, Jeffery J.;Greenwald, Richard M.
足球头盔的性能特征目前通过在实验室中使用线性跌落测试方法模拟头部撞击来评估。为了鼓励开发旨在防止脑震荡的头盔，国家运动装备标准操作委员会最近提出了一种新的头盔测试方法，其目标是更接近地模拟体内头部撞击。该建议的试验方法涉及撞击器撞击头盔人头模型，头盔人头模型连接到非刚性颈部。本研究的目的是比较根据当前（n = 30）和拟议（n = 54）实验室测试方法记录的人头模型加速度与在比赛过程中现场记录的头部加速度。达特茅斯学院男子足球队在2005年和2006年的原因（n = 20,733影响，40名球员）戴在头盔系统的六个单轴加速度计。将实验室测试冲击的子集（n = 27）的脉冲响应特性与体内头部加速度的匹配样本（n = 24）的脉冲响应特性进行比较。针对每次冲击开发了二阶和三阶欠阻尼、传统、连续时间过程模型。这些模型用于表征基于频率域参数的每次冲击的线性头部/人头模型加速度。与当前线性跌落试验方法产生的人头模型加速度相比，根据拟定试验方法产生的人头模型线性加速度与体内头部加速度的相似性较小。目前使用的非刚性颈部不是为了模拟与运动相关的直接头部撞击而开发的，并且似乎是体内和实验室头部/人头模型加速度的频率特性之间差异的来源。在体内的影响发生37%打鼾频繁的头盔区域，这是测试在拟议的标准比目前测试的头盔区域。这一增长主要是由于增加了面罩测试位置。对于拟议的标准，需要高达10.5 m/s的撞击器速度来模拟体内记录的最高能量撞击。从那里获得的知识。该研究可以为改进运动头盔测试设备提供关于模拟体内线性头部加速度的基础。具体来说，建议增加颈部的刚度。此外，本研究可为标准性能规范选择适当的试验冲击能量提供依据，以伴随拟定的标准线性冲击器试验方法。[DOI：10.1115/1.4000249]
The performance characteristics of football helmets are currently evaluated by simulating head impacts in the laboratory using a linear drop test method. To encourage development of helmets designed to protect against concussion, the National Operating Committee for Standards in Athletic Equipment recently proposed a new headgear testing methodology with the goal of more closely simulating in vivo head impacts. This proposed test methodology involves an impactor striking a helmeted headform, which is attached to a nonrigid neck. The purpose of the present study was to compare headform accelerations recorded according to the current (n = 30) and proposed (n = 54) laboratory test methodologies to head accelerations recorded in the field during play. In-helmet systems of six single-axis accelerometers were worn by the Dartmouth College men's football team during the 2005 and 2006 reasons (n = 20,733 impacts; 40 players). The impulse response characteristics of a subset of laboratory test impacts (n = 27) were compared with the impulse response characteristics of a matched sample of in vivo head accelerations (n = 24). Second- and third-order underdamped, conventional, continuous-time process models were developed for each impact. These models were used to characterize the linear head/headform accelerations for each impact based ore frequency domain parameters. Headform linear accelerations generated according to the proposed test method were less similar to in vivo head accelerations than headform accelerations generated by the current linear drop test method. The nonrigid neck currently utilized was not developed to simulate sport-related direct head impacts and appears to be a source of the discrepancy between frequency characteristics of in vivo and laboratory head/headform accelerations. In vivo impacts occurred 37% snore frequently on helmet regions, which are tested in the proposed standard than on helmet regions tested currently. This increase was largely due to the addition of the facemask test location. For the proposed standard, impactor velocities as high as 10.5 m/s were needed to simulate the highest energy impacts recorded in vivo. The knowledge gained from. this study may provide the basis for improving sports headgear test apparatuses with regard to mimicking in vivo linear head accelerations. Specifically, increasing the,stiffness of the neck is recommended. In addition, this study may provide a basis for selecting appropriate test impact energies for the standard performance specification to accompany the proposed standard linear impactor test method. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4000249]