Recent trends in vaccine delivery systems: A review.
Recent trends in vaccine delivery systems: A review.
复制标题
DOI：
10.4103/2230-973x.82384
复制
发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Bhaskaran S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Saroja Ch;Lakshmi P;Bhaskaran S
疫苗是给予患者的制剂，用于激发免疫反应，导致产生抗体（体液）或细胞介导的反应，这些反应将对抗感染性因子或非感染性疾病，如恶性肿瘤。活疫苗的安全性特征令人担忧，亚单位疫苗和免疫的免疫原性弱，由于患者对加强剂量的依从性差而导致的失败是几个强有力的原因，这需要开发新一代预防性和治疗性疫苗以促进有效的免疫。正在尝试通过载体递送疫苗，因为它们控制抗原向免疫系统的空间和时间呈递，从而导致它们的持续释放和靶向。因此，较低剂量的弱免疫原可有效地用于刺激免疫应答，并消除了作为常规疫苗接种方案的一部分施用初免和加强剂量的需要。本文综述了目前正在研究和开发的脂质体、微球、纳米颗粒、树枝状聚合物、胶束系统、ISCOM、植物源病毒等载体系统作为疫苗传递系统。本文还描述了“无针技术”的各个方面，用于通过不同途径将疫苗输送系统注入人体。
Vaccines are the preparations given to patients to evoke immune responses leading to the production of antibodies (humoral) or cell-mediated responses that will combat infectious agents or noninfectious conditions such as malignancies. Alarming safety profile of live vaccines, weak immunogenicity of sub-unit vaccines and immunization, failure due to poor patient compliance to booster doses which should potentiate prime doses are few strong reasons, which necessitated the development of new generation of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines to promote effective immunization. Attempts are being made to deliver vaccines through carriers as they control the spatial and temporal presentation of antigens to immune system thus leading to their sustained release and targeting. Hence, lower doses of weak immunogens can be effectively directed to stimulate immune responses and eliminate the need for the administration of prime and booster doses as a part of conventional vaccination regimen. This paper reviews carrier systems such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, dendrimers, micellar systems, ISCOMs, plant-derived viruses which are now being investigated and developed as vaccine delivery systems. This paper also describes various aspects of “needle-free technologies” used to administer the vaccine delivery systems through different routes into the human body.