Magnesium: commodity or exotic?
Magnesium: commodity or exotic?
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DOI：
10.1179/174328407x154374
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
King, J. F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
King, J. F.
简要回顾了整个20世纪镁的结构使用情况，强调了两次世界大战期间受军事应用影响的发展和使用水平的波动。更高效工艺的发展、耐腐蚀合金的改进以及低成本金属的可用性，为21世纪镁消费的大幅增长提供了潜力。对目前全球使用情况的回顾表明，结构运输应用的主要增长。除了重量轻的明显优势外，还考虑了其他重要属性，使镁成为运输应用的有吸引力的竞争者。评述了镁作为一种商品材料有效竞争的要求。发展的关键领域是商业运输、航空航天和高性能用途。最重要的是商业运输。描述了合金技术和压铸应用的重大发展，并讨论了锻造部件使用的更多投机增长。对航空航天和高性能应用的发展进行了类似的回顾和分析。开发的合金和获得的合金性能与大批量商业应用的合金有很大不同，包括高度复杂的合金和制造技术。虽然主要的主题是镁作为一种商品材料的潜力，但镁合金的更奇特的应用进行了综述。其中包括电化学合金、空间和导弹应用、复合材料、非平衡合金和医疗用途。最后，通过参考英国最近的“道路测绘”演习，对技术和应用发展的未来优先事项进行了审查，该演习与日本、德国和美国的类似演习大体一致。
The structural use of magnesium through the 20th century is briefly reviewed, highlighting fluctuating levels of development and use influenced by military applications in two World Wars. Development of more efficient processes, improved corrosion resistant alloys and availability of lower cost metal now offer potential for major expansion in magnesium consumption in the 21st century. A review of current worldwide use indicates major growth in structural transport applications. Apart from the obvious advantage of light weight, other important attributes making magnesium an attractive contender for transport applications are considered. Requirements for magnesium to compete effectively as a commodity material are reviewed. Key areas for development are commercial transport, aerospace and high performance uses. The most important is commercial transport. Significant developments in alloy technology and applications for die casting are described and more speculative growth in use of wrought components discussed. A similar review and analysis of developments for aerospace and high performance applications is given. Alloys developed and properties achieved differ significantly from those considered for higher volume commercial applications and include highly sophisticated alloying and manufacturing technology. Although the main theme is magnesium's potential as a commodity material, more exotic applications of magnesium alloys are reviewed. These include electrochemical alloys, space and missile applications, composite materials, non-equilibrium alloys and medical uses. Finally, the future priorities for development of technology and applications are examined by reference to a recent UK 'road mapping' exercise, which was in general accord with similar exercises in Japan, Germany and the USA.