A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis
A meta-analytic test of the imagined contact hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1177/1368430213510573
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Crisp, Richard J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miles, Eleanor;Crisp, Richard J.
想象的群体间接触(Crisp&Turner，2009)是一种新的间接接触策略，旨在促进宽容和更积极的群体间关系。尽管它开始的时间相对较短，但现在已经有70多项研究表明，想象与外部群体成员的积极互动可以减少偏见，鼓励积极的群体间行为。通过这一元分析，我们首次对想象中的接触对群体间偏见的四个关键指标：态度、情绪、意图和行为的影响进行了量化回顾。我们还测试了来自小组和研究设计特征的主持人。分析发现，想象中的接触显著降低了所有四个因变量的组间偏差(总体d(+)=0.35)。无论是已发表的研究还是未发表的研究，这种影响都是显著的，并出现在广泛的目标群体和背景中。外显和内隐态度测量的影响同样强烈，但对行为意图的影响强于对态度的影响，这支持了心理模拟效应潜在的想象和行动之间的直接联系。大多数设计特征没有显著影响，包括想象的交互作用的有效性、控制条件的类型和想象联系所花费的时间。然而，参与者被指示详细说明想象中的互动发生的背景越多，效果就越强。想象中的接触对儿童的影响也比对成年人更强，这支持了这样的命题，即想象中的接触是旨在促进积极社会变革的教育战略的潜在关键组成部分。
Imagined intergroup contact (Crisp & Turner, 2009) is a new indirect contact strategy for promoting tolerance and more positive intergroup relations. Despite its relatively recent inception, there have now been over 70 studies showing that imagining a positive interaction with an outgroup member can reduce prejudice and encourage positive intergroup behavior. With this meta-analysis, we provide the first quantitative review of imagined contact effects on four key measures of intergroup bias: attitudes, emotions, intentions, and behavior. We also test for moderators arising from both group and study design characteristics. The analysis found that imagined contact resulted in significantly reduced intergroup bias across all four dependent variables (overall d(+) = 0.35). The effect was significant for both published and unpublished studies, and emerged across a broad range of target outgroups and contexts. The effect was equally strong for explicit and implicit attitude measures, but was stronger on behavioral intentions than on attitudes, supporting the direct link between imagery and action proposedly underlying mental simulation effects. Most design characteristics had no significant impact, including valence of the imagined interaction, type of control condition, and time spent imagining contact. However, the more participants were instructed to elaborate on the context within which the imagined interaction took place, the stronger the effect. The imagined contact effect was also stronger for children than for adults, supporting the proposition that imagined contact is a potentially key component of educational strategies aiming to promote positive social change.