Decadal changes in global surface NOx emissions from multi-constituent satellite data assimilation
Decadal changes in global surface NOx emissions from multi-constituent satellite data assimilation
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-17-807-2017
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发表时间：
2017-01-27
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Kanaya, Yugo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miyazaki, Kazuyuki;Eskes, Henk;Kanaya, Yugo
10年期间全球氮氧化物（NOx）地面排放量（2005 - 2014年）是通过同化多个卫星数据集估计的：臭氧监测仪、全球臭氧监测实验-2和大气制图扫描成像吸收光谱仪的对流层NO2柱（SCIAMACHY）、对流层发射光谱仪（TES）的O-3廓线、对流层污染测量（MOPITT）的CO廓线以及使用集合卡尔曼滤波技术的微波临边探测器（MLS）的O-3和HNO 3廓线。同时优化了各种物质的化学浓度和几种前体的排放源。预计这将改善排放量反演，因为排放量估计数受到模拟对流层化学偏差的影响，这也可以通过优化浓度来部分校正。我们提出了详细的分布，估计排放分布的所有主要地区，日变化和季节变化，以及这些排放量的演变在10年的时间。估计的区域总排放量在印度（+29%十年（-1））、中国（+26%十年（-1））和中东（+20%十年（-1））显示出强劲的正趋势，在美国（-38%十年（-1））、南部非洲（-8.2%十年（-1））和西欧（-8.8%十年（-1））显示出负趋势。与2011-2014年相比，2005-2010年期间美国和西欧的负面趋势更大，而中国的趋势在2011年之后变为负面。数据同化还表明，在人为和火灾相关的排放因子和一个重要的低估土壤氮氧化物源的排放清单中的一个很大的不确定性。尽管在个别地区观察到了大的趋势，但全球总排放量在2005年（47.9 Tg N yr（-1））和2014年（47.5 Tg N yr（-1））之间几乎保持不变。
Global surface emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over a 10-year period (20052014) are estimated from an assimilation of multiple satellite data sets: tropospheric NO2 columns from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2), and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY), O-3 profiles from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), CO profiles from Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT), and O-3 and HNO3 profiles from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) using an ensemble Kalman filter technique. Chemical concentrations of various species and emission sources of several precursors are simultaneously optimized. This is expected to improve the emission inversion because the emission estimates are influenced by biases in the modelled tropospheric chemistry, which can be partly corrected by also optimizing the concentrations. We present detailed distributions of the estimated emission distributions for all major regions, the diurnal and seasonal variability, and the evolution of these emissions over the 10-year period. The estimated regional total emissions show a strong positive trend over India (+29 % decade(-1)), China (+26 % decade(-1)), and the Middle East (+20 % decade(-1)), and a negative trend over the USA (-38 % decade(-1)), southern Africa (-8.2 % decade(-1)), and western Europe (-8.8 % decade(-1)). The negative trends in the USA and western Europe are larger during 2005-2010 relative to 2011-2014, whereas the trend in China becomes negative after 2011. The data assimilation also suggests a large uncertainty in anthropogenic and fire-related emission factors and an important underestimation of soil NOx sources in the emission inventories. Despite the large trends observed for individual regions, the global total emission is almost constant between 2005 (47.9 Tg N yr(-1)) and 2014 (47.5 Tg N yr(-1)).