Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife
Anthropogenic environmental change and the emergence of infectious diseases in wildlife
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00179-0
复制
发表时间：
2001-02-23
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Hyatt, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Daszak, P;Cunningham, AA;Hyatt, AD
通过使用定义人类新发传染病（EID）的标准。我们可以在野生动物中发现一组类似的EID。在目前的审查中，我们强调了一系列重要的野生动物EID：两栖动物壶菌病：海洋无脊椎动物和脊椎动物的疾病和两个最近出现的病毒性人畜共患病，尼帕病毒病和西尼罗河病毒病。阐述了野生动物传染性疾病的病因、发病机制、人畜共患潜力和生态影响。在人类和野生动物种群中，驱动疾病出现的潜在因素惊人地相似。这些主要是生态的，几乎完全是人类环境变化的产物。野生动物传染病的影响是双重的：新出现的野生动物疾病造成生物多样性的直接和间接损失，并增加了人畜共患病出现的威胁。由于人类环境的变化是它们出现的主要原因，野生动物EID对生物多样性和人类健康构成的威胁是人类对生态系统影响的另一个后果。我们确定了生态学，保护生物学，野生生物学现有专业知识的关键领域。兽医学和环境变化的影响将加强对人类新出现疾病的调查，我们认为需要在野生动物疾病的研究中增加医学和微生物学方面的投入。(C)2001 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。
By using the criteria that define emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) of humans. we can identify a similar group of EIDs in wildlife. In the current review we highlight an important series of wildlife EIDs: amphibian chytridiomycosis: diseases of marine invertebrates and vertebrates and two recently-emerged viral zoonoses, Nipah virus disease and West Nile virus disease. These exemplify the varied etiology, pathogenesis, zoonotic potential and ecological impact of wildlife EIDs. Strikingly similar underlying factors drive disease emergence in both human and wildlife populations. These are predominantly ecological and almost entirely the product of human environmental change. The implications of wildlife EIDs are twofold: emerging wildlife diseases cause direct and indirect loss of biodiversity and add to the threat of zoonotic disease emergence. Since human environmental changes are largely responsible for their emergence, the threats wildlife EIDs pose to biodiversity and human health represent yet another consequence of anthropogenic influence on ecosystems. We identify key areas where existing expertise in ecology, conservation biology, wildlife biology. veterinary medicine and the impact of environmental change would augment programs to investigate emerging diseases of humans, and we comment on the need for greater medical and microbiological input into the study of wildlife diseases. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.