CLIMATE OF THE SUMMIT REGION OF MOUNT KINABALU (BORNEO) IN 1992, AN EL NINO YEAR
CLIMATE OF THE SUMMIT REGION OF MOUNT KINABALU (BORNEO) IN 1992, AN EL NINO YEAR
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1992 年厄尔尼诺年神山（婆罗洲）山顶地区的气候
DOI：
10.2307/3673896
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发表时间：
1996
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Norin Kenkyu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Kitayama;Norin Kenkyu
1991年春季至1992年5月发生了一次广泛的厄尔尼诺现象，通常在热带太平洋盆地西侧造成干旱。1992年，在婆罗洲Kinabalu山上树带界线附近3,780米的高海拔环境中，对与这种不规则但反复发生的事件相关的气候变量进行了一年的测量。这些包括地上和地下温度、蒸汽压、全球辐射、光合有效辐射和降雨量。1.5米的月平均气温由6.6（10月）至9.7？C（3月），年平均8.1℃。1月至4月及8月为相对干燥期，月雨量少于100毫米。全年总降雨量为2,418毫米。月降雨量减去潜在蒸散量表示所有反照率值（0.1 ~ 0.5）在干旱期的净负水分收支。与这些干旱相关的是冰冻的地面气温和极高的土壤温度。推断明显的干旱是由于空气沉降的发生绝热变干，使峰顶与上升的潮湿空气隔绝。然而，造成假定的下沉的机制仍然未知，我不能断定1992年基纳巴卢山的干旱是否仅仅归因于厄尔尼诺现象。尽管如此，本研究表明，在峰顶地区植物可能受到广泛的水分胁迫。小尺寸的叶片和硬叶是该地点的特征，似乎主要是对这种水分胁迫的形态适应。
An extensive El Niflo, which normally causes droughts on the western side of the tropical Pacific basin, occurred from the spring of 1991 to May 1992. Measurements were taken of climatic variables associated with this irregular but reoccurring event in a high-altitude environment at 3,780 m near the upper timberline on Mount Kinabalu, Borneo, for one year in 1992. These included temperature above and below ground, vapor pressure, global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, and rainfall. Mean monthly air temperatures at 1.5 m ranged from 6.6 (October) to 9.7?C (March) with an annual mean of 8.1?C. Relatively dry periods with monthly rainfall less than 100 mm ocurred from January to April and in August. Total rainfall for the year was 2,418 mm. Monthly rainfall minus potential evapotranspiration indicated net negative water budgets in the dry periods for all albedo values (0.1-0.5) which were used in the calculation. Associated with these droughts were freezing ground-air temperatures and an extremely high soil temperature. It is inferred that the marked aridity resulted from the ocurrence of air subsidence which adiabatically becomes dry and isolates the summit from uplifting moist air. However, the mechanisms causing putative subsidence remain unknown and I cannot conclude if the 1992 drought on Mount Kinabalu is attributable to the El Nifio only. Nevertheless, this study suggests the possibility of extensive water stress to plants in the summit region. Small-sized leaves and sclerophylly, which characterize the site, appear to be morphological adaptations primarily to such water stress.