AC Loss of Superconducting Materials for Very High Density Motors and Generators of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft
AC Loss of Superconducting Materials for Very High Density Motors and Generators of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft
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混合电动飞机超高密度电机和发电机超导材料的交流损耗
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Sumption
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Sumption
超导绕组使得能够开发用于飞机的最高功率密度的电动机和发电机。目前估计，具有正常导体的电动机可以达到最好20 kW/kg的未来极限。另一方面，超导绕组估计能够产生超过两倍的功率，为45 kW/kg。超导绕组可以承载非常大的电流密度（10 kA/mm2 Je或更大），并且可以产生高得多的绕组场（在某些设计中甚至高达3 - 8 T），但是在绕组中产生损耗，必须在低温下去除这些损耗。在这里，我们比较的两个最合适的电机发电机应用导体的实际设计约束下的损耗值; MgB2和YBCO涂层导体。MgB2以导线（外径约1 mm）的形式提供，涂层导体以胶带（4 mm × 0.1 mm）或导线尺寸的电缆（外径2 - 3 mm）的形式提供。在这里，最好的一流的MgB2和YBCO导体的各种损耗的贡献，包括应用领域，应用电流，和相互作用的条款进行比较。研究表明，当今的MgB 2导体可用于电机和发电机，并充分关注冷却设计，并且2 mm宽的YBCO带中10 - 100根灯丝的数量将使涂层导体成为可行的候选使用。具体损耗值非常依赖于转速、极数和导体设计，但对于200 - 400 Hz的频率和0.5 - 4 T的场振幅，给出了详细的具体损耗，以及扩展这些制度的缩放规则。
Superconducting windings are enabling for the development of the highest power density motors and generators for aircraft use. It is presently estimated that motors with normal conductors can reach a future limit of at best 20 kW/kg. On the other hand, superconducting winding are estimated to be able to produce more than double this, at 45 kW/kg. Superconducting windings can carry very large current densities (10 kA/mm2 Je and more) and can generate much higher winding fields (even as high as 3–8 T in some designs), but generate losses in the windings which must be removed at cryogenic temperatures. Here we compare loss values under realistic design constraints for the two most appropriate conductors for motor-generator applications; MgB2 and YBCO coated conductor. MgB2 is available in the form of wires (about 1 mm OD), and coated conductor either as tapes (4 mm×0.1 mm) or wire-sized cables (2–3 mm OD). Here comparisons are made with best-of-class MgB2 and YBCO conductors where various loss contributions are incorporated, including applied fields, applied currents, and interaction terms. It is shown that present day MgB2 conductors are usable for motors and generators with sufficient attention to cooling design, and that filament numbers of 10–100 in a 2 mm wide YBCO tape will make coated conductors a viable candidate for use. Specific loss values are very dependent on rotational speed, number of poles, and conductor design, but detailed and specific losses are given for frequencies of 200–400 Hz and field amplitudes from 0.5-4 T, as well as scaling rules to extend these regimes.