Activity patterns of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in the Central Mountains of Taiwan
Activity patterns of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in the Central Mountains of Taiwan
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00203.x
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Garshelis, D. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hwang, M. -H.;Garshelis, D. L.
随着环境变量的变化，活动模式和时间预算的变化可能会对影响动物生活史的关键因素有深入的了解。野生亚洲黑熊的活动数据有限，而且在其地理范围的热带部分不存在。在1998年11月至2000年11月期间，我们在台湾中部热带的一个国家公园内监测了熊的活动(活跃与不活跃)。根据在24小时监测过程中从运动敏感发射器获得的4630个读数，熊在一年中有54%-57%的时间是活跃的。然而，熊在夏季(60%+/-15%SD)和秋季(60%+/-15%)比春季(47%+/-13%)更活跃。它们主要在春天和夏天的白天活动，在秋天也是如此，因为秋天的主要食物是橡子。然而，大量的夜间活动发生在秋天，此时橡子丰富。秋季夜间活动的增加与对相关的美国黑熊Ursus americanus的研究是一致的，并表明这种行为并不一定是因为准备过冬或猎人的干扰(如之前的研究所假定的)，因为我们研究的熊不会潜伏(除了分娩的雌性熊)，也没有被猎杀或以其他方式受到人类的干扰。
Shifts in activity patterns and time budgets in response to environmental variables may yield insights into key factors affecting animal life histories. Activity data on wild Asiatic black bears Ursus thibetanus are limited, and non-existent in tropical portions of their geographic range. During November 1998-November 2000, we monitored the activity (active vs. inactive) of bears within a national park in the tropics of central Taiwan. On the basis of 4630 readings from motion-sensitive transmitters obtained in 24-h monitoring sessions, bears were active 54-57% of the time over the course of the year. However, bears were more active during summer (60 +/- 15% SD) and fall (60 +/- 15%) than in spring (47 +/- 13%). They were active mainly during daylight hours in spring and summer, and also during fall when acorns, a principal fall food, were scarce. However, extensive nocturnal activity occurred in fall when acorns were abundant. Increased nocturnal activity in fall is consistent with studies of the related American black bear Ursus americanus, and suggests that this behavior is not necessarily driven by preparation for winter denning or because of disturbance by hunters (as posited in previous studies), as bears in our study did not den (except parturient females) and were not hunted or otherwise disturbed by people.