Multi-functional landscapes from the grassroots? The role of rural producer movements
Multi-functional landscapes from the grassroots? The role of rural producer movements
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来自基层的多功能景观？
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Scherr
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Hart;P. McMichael;J. Milder;S. Scherr
在世界各地，农业景观越来越被视为“多功能”空间，有望提供粮食供应，同时改善农村生计并保护和恢复健康的生态系统。为了支持这一系列的功能和效益，许多地区的政府和民间社会现在正在推广综合农场和景观规模的管理战略，以取代分散的管理战略。虽然农村生产者对于实现多功能景观至关重要，但他们经常被视为景观导向举措的目标或障碍，而不是变革的主要推动者。然而，实际上，许多地区的农村生产者已经接受了多功能土地管理的要素。在本文中，我们探讨了生产者运动在影响多功能农场和景观管理方面的作用和最新演变。我们通过六个案例研究探讨了这些作用，包括巴西的土地改革运动、玻利维亚的土著领土开发、加拿大的保护性农业协会、荷兰的环境合作社、秘鲁的土著和生物文化遗产协会以及菲律宾的土地保育团体。这些经验表明，生产者运动在支持景观多功能性方面发挥着关键作用，不仅通过生态农业实践，而且通过非农努力来保护生态系统和支持多利益相关者景观规划。另一方面，生产者运动的利益并不总是与多功能景观管理方法完全一致。生产者运动对多功能景观的贡献取决于这些运动，包括其价值观和目标中的农场和景观管理，以及有效参与多利益相关者进程的政治支持和能力。
Around the world, agricultural landscapes are increasingly seen as “multi-functional” spaces, expected to deliver food supplies while improving rural livelihoods and protecting and restoring healthy ecosystems. To support this array of functions and benefits, governments and civil society in many regions are now promoting integrated farm- and landscape-scale management strategies, in lieu of fragmented management strategies. While rural producers are fundamental to achieving multi-functional landscapes, they are frequently viewed as targets of, or barriers to, landscape-oriented initiatives, rather than as leading agents of change. In reality, however, rural producers in many areas have embraced elements of multi-functional land management. In this paper, we explore the role and recent evolution of producer movements in influencing multi-functional farm and landscape management. We explore these roles through six case studies, including a land reform movement in Brazil, indigenous territorial development in Bolivia, conservation agriculture associations in Canada, environmental cooperatives in the Netherlands, indigenous and biocultural heritage associations in Peru, and Landcare groups in the Philippines. These experiences suggest that producer movements are playing pivotal roles in supporting landscape multi-functionality, not only through agroecological farming practices but also through off-farm efforts to conserve ecosystems and support multi-stakeholder landscape planning. On the other hand, interests of producer movements are not always fully aligned with multi-functional landscape management approaches. The contribution of producer movements to multi-functional landscapes depends on these movements including farm and landscape stewardship in their values and goals, and having the political support and capacity to engage meaningfully in multi-stakeholder processes.