Humans and chimpanzees attend differently to goal-directed actions
Humans and chimpanzees attend differently to goal-directed actions
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DOI：
10.1038/ncomms1695
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发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Hirata, Satoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Myowa-Yamakoshi, Masako;Scola, Celine;Hirata, Satoshi
人类通过对他人的有意心理状态进行推断来理解他人的行为。然而，人们对这种能力是如何发展的以及这种能力是否与其他动物共享知之甚少。在这里，我们通过比较8个月和12个月大的人类婴儿、成年人和黑猩猩在观看演员呈现目标导向和非目标导向动作的视频时的眼球运动，展示了这种能力的个体发生和进化基础。我们发现，黑猩猩预期行动目标的方式与人类成年人相同。然而，人类和黑猩猩对目标导向的行为有不同的看法。人类，特别是婴儿，比黑猩猩更容易提到演员的脸。在成年人中，随着目标导向的动作的进行，对演员面部的注意力分配会发生变化。在非目标导向的行动中，相对于目标导向的行动，人类成年人更不经常关注面孔。这些发现表明，人类有一种倾向，通过整合来自演员的信息来观察目标导向的行动。
Humans comprehend the actions of others by making inferences about intentional mental states of another. However, little is known about how this capacity develops and whether this is shared with other animals. Here we show the ontogenetic and evolutionary foundations of this ability by comparing the eye movements of 8- and 12-month-old human infants, adults and chimpanzees as they watched videos presenting goal-directed and non-goal-directed actions by an actor. We find that chimpanzees anticipate action goals in the same way as do human adults. Humans and chimpanzees, however, scan goal-directed actions differently. Humans, particularly infants, refer to actors' faces significantly more than do chimpanzees. In human adults, attentional allocation to an actor's face changes as the goal-directed actions proceed. In the case of non-goal-directed actions, human adults attend less often to faces relative to goal-directed actions. These findings indicate that humans have a predisposition to observe goal-directed actions by integrating information from the actor.