Universal Basic Income: Some Theoretical Aspects
Universal Basic Income: Some Theoretical Aspects
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全民基本收入：一些理论方面
DOI：
10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030220
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
François Maniquet
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Maitreesh Ghatak;François Maniquet
在本文中，我们将从理论的角度回顾普遍基本收入（UBI）计划的可取性和可行性。我们首先讨论了可能的理论理由的UBI，对比的无条件的UBI与许多条件，通常伴随着其他福利政策。这些理由有的是纯粹的规范性理由，有的是由于筛选受益人的问题以及负责执行税收和福利政策的机构的不完善而引起的实际原因。接下来，我们将探讨确定UBI可行性和规模的条件。从我们的审查中出现的广泛情况是，规范和实际的考虑都使全民基本收入更容易作为发展中国家减贫的工具，而不是作为发达国家实现社会正义的工具。
In this article, we review the desirability and feasibility of a universal basic income (UBI) scheme from the theoretical point of view. We first discuss the possible theoretical justifications of UBI, contrasting the unconditionality of UBI with the many conditions that typically accompany other welfare policies. These justifications range from pure normative reasons to practical reasons due to the problem of screening beneficiaries and imperfections in institutions in charge of implementing tax and welfare policies. Next, we explore the conditions that determine the feasibility and size of a UBI. The broad picture that emerges from our review is that both normative and practical considerations make UBI easier to defend as a tool of poverty alleviation in developing countries than as a tool to achieve social justice in developed ones.