Enteric Glial Cells: A New Frontier in Neurogastroenterology and Clinical Target for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
Enteric Glial Cells: A New Frontier in Neurogastroenterology and Clinical Target for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1097/mib.0000000000000667
复制
发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Christofi FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ochoa-Cortes F;Turco F;Linan-Rico A;Soghomonyan S;Whitaker E;Wehner S;Cuomo R;Christofi FL
文章首发于 2015 年 12 月 18 日在线发布 “神经胶质细胞”一词源自希腊语“γλοια”，即肠神经系统的粘合剂，多年来，肠神经胶质细胞 (EGC) 被认为主要提供结构支持。然而，EGC 作为中枢神经系统中的星形胶质细胞，可能在肠神经系统和胃肠道功能的稳态调节中发挥更重要和更积极的作用。本综述的重点将放在基础、转化和/或临床研究支持的新兴概念上，这些概念涉及 EGC 与神经元到胶质细胞（神经胶质细胞）的通讯、运动、与肠道微环境中其他细胞的相互作用、感染和炎症性肠病。探讨了“反应性神经胶质表型”的概念，因为它与炎症性肠病、细菌和病毒感染、术后肠梗阻、功能性胃肠道疾病和运动障碍有关。本次综述的主题是 EGC 正在成为神经胃肠病学的新领域和潜在的治疗靶点。神经影像技术的新技术创新正在促进该领域的进步，并提供了令人兴奋的新转化研究的最新情况。我们讨论了我们知识中的差距以供进一步研究。恢复正常的 EGC 功能可能被证明是抑制炎症的有效策略。益生菌、棕榈酰乙醇酰胺（过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-α）、白介素-1 拮抗剂（阿那白滞素）以及作用于一氧化氮、晚期糖基化终产物受体、S100B 或嘌呤信号通路的干预措施是具有治疗潜力的 EGC 的相关临床靶点。
Article first Published online 18 December 2015 The word “glia” is derived from the Greek word “γλοια,” glue of the enteric nervous system, and for many years, enteric glial cells (EGCs) were believed to provide mainly structural support. However, EGCs as astrocytes in the central nervous system may serve a much more vital and active role in the enteric nervous system, and in homeostatic regulation of gastrointestinal functions. The emphasis of this review will be on emerging concepts supported by basic, translational, and/or clinical studies, implicating EGCs in neuron-to-glial (neuroglial) communication, motility, interactions with other cells in the gut microenvironment, infection, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The concept of the “reactive glial phenotype” is explored as it relates to inflammatory bowel diseases, bacterial and viral infections, postoperative ileus, functional gastrointestinal disorders, and motility disorders. The main theme of this review is that EGCs are emerging as a new frontier in neurogastroenterology and a potential therapeutic target. New technological innovations in neuroimaging techniques are facilitating progress in the field, and an update is provided on exciting new translational studies. Gaps in our knowledge are discussed for further research. Restoring normal EGC function may prove to be an efficient strategy to dampen inflammation. Probiotics, palmitoylethanolamide (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor–α), interleukin-1 antagonists (anakinra), and interventions acting on nitric oxide, receptor for advanced glycation end products, S100B, or purinergic signaling pathways are relevant clinical targets on EGCs with therapeutic potential.