Assessment of floodplain vulnerability during extreme Mississippi River flood 2011.
Assessment of floodplain vulnerability during extreme Mississippi River flood 2011.
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DOI：
10.1021/es404760t
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发表时间：
2014-02
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
A. Goodwell;Zhenduo Zhu;D. Dutta;J. Greenberg;Praveen Kumar;Marcelo H. García;B. Rhoads;R. R. Holmes-R.;G. Parker;David P. Berretta;R. Jacobson
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作者：
A. Goodwell;Zhenduo Zhu;D. Dutta;J. Greenberg;Praveen Kumar;Marcelo H. García;B. Rhoads;R. R. Holmes-R.;G. Parker;David P. Berretta;R. Jacobson
洪水的可变性和规模的区域变化可能是未来全球气候变化的主要后果。极端洪水具有迅速改变景观的能力，并通过洪水、侵蚀和沉积的高度可变的空间模式暴露景观脆弱性。我们使用2011年密西西比州和俄亥俄河洪水期间Birds Point-New马德里防洪道的历史性激活作为科学上独特的压力实验，以分析泛滥平原的脆弱性指标。我们使用洪水前后的航空光探测和测距数据集来定位540公里(2)农业洪道上的侵蚀和沉积热点。虽然河流和主要堤口之间的河岸植被可能阻止了广泛的淤积，但堤口附近发生了局部的冲刷和淤积。在密西西比河一处残留的曲折伤痕的低山脊上观察到了近1公里长的被侵蚀的沟壑。我们的水流模型和空间制图分析将这种脆弱性归因于易侵蚀土壤、与遗留河流地貌相关的水流加速以及缺乏木质植被来固定土壤和增强水流阻力。这项研究的结果可以指导未来在极端洪水情况下的缓解和适应措施。
Regional change in the variability and magnitude of flooding could be a major consequence of future global climate change. Extreme floods have the capacity to rapidly transform landscapes and expose landscape vulnerabilities through highly variable spatial patterns of inundation, erosion, and deposition. We use the historic activation of the Birds Point-New Madrid Floodway during the Mississippi and Ohio River Flooding of 2011 as a scientifically unique stress experiment to analyze indicators of floodplain vulnerability. We use pre- and postflood airborne Light Detection and Ranging data sets to locate erosional and depositional hotspots over the 540 km(2) agricultural Floodway. While riparian vegetation between the river and the main levee breach likely prevented widespread deposition, localized scour and deposition occurred near the levee breaches. Eroded gullies nearly 1 km in length were observed at a low ridge of a relict meander scar of the Mississippi River. Our flow modeling and spatial mapping analysis attributes this vulnerability to a combination of erodible soils, flow acceleration associated with legacy fluvial landforms, and a lack of woody vegetation to anchor soil and enhance flow resistance. Results from this study could guide future mitigation and adaptation measures in cases of extreme flooding.