Persistent asperities at the Kermadec subduction zone controlled by changes in forearc structure: 1976 and 2021 doublet earthquakes

Persistent asperities at the Kermadec subduction zone controlled by changes in forearc structure: 1976 and 2021 doublet earthquakes
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克马德克俯冲带的持续凹凸受弧前结构变化控制:1976 年和 2021 年两次地震

DOI:
10.1016/j.epsl.2023.118465
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Lythgoe K
Lythgoe K
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Lythgoe K

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大地震在多大程度上是“特征性的”,这是理解地震物理学和地震周期基本原理的一个关键问题。在这里,我们研究了2021年Mw7.4和Mw8.1双峰地震序列在Kermadec俯冲带的破裂,并将其与1976年发生在同一地点的双峰进行了比较。我们发现,虽然2021年主震可能会再次破裂的1976年Mw7.9事件相同的凹凸,详细的滑移分布是不同的。双峰中的其他破裂在性质和位置上也不同。我们的观测表明,在每个地震周期中,板块边界同一段上的大地震之间存在着变异性。所有的地震都发生在巨型逆冲断层的一个孤立区域,该区域的边界是由测深和重力数据显示的覆盖板块的岩石圈结构变化所限定的。这个高地震活动区与一个孤立的弧前沉积盆地相吻合,可能是由与地震成因有关的基底侵蚀形成的,这表明地震滑动在这里持续了几百万年。精炼的上倾余震和背景地震震源机制比板块界面有更陡的倾角,这表明这些事件位于俯冲洋板块内,可能形成更粗糙的板块界面,有利于基底侵蚀。我们的结论是,在这个有界孕震区的应力不均匀性是长期存在的,并产生了丰富的地震破裂谱。
To what degree large earthquakes are ‘characteristic’ is a critical question in understanding the fundamentals of earthquake physics and the seismic cycle. Here we study the ruptures of the 2021 Mw7.4 and Mw8.1 doublet earthquake sequence in the Kermadec subduction zone and compare them with the 1976 doublet that occurred at the same location. We find that although the 2021 mainshock likely re-ruptured the same asperity as the 1976 Mw7.9 event, the detailed slip distribution is different. Other ruptures in the doublets also differ in character and location. Our observations indicate the variability between large earthquakes on the same segment of the plate boundary in each earthquake cycle. All earthquakes occur in an isolated area of the megathrust, which is bounded by changes in the lithospheric structure of the overriding plate as indicated by bathymetric and gravity data. This high-seismicity region is coincident with an isolated forearc sedimentary basin, possibly formed by basal erosion related to seismogenesis, suggesting that seismic slip has persisted here for several million years. Refined up-dip aftershock and background seismicity focal mechanisms have a steeper dip angle than the slab interface, suggesting these events are located within the subducting oceanic slab, possibly forming a rougher plate interface that facilitates basal erosion. We conclude that the stress heterogeneity within this bounded seismogenic zone is long-lived and has produced a rich spectrum of earthquake ruptures.
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