Understanding hurricanes
Understanding hurricanes
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DOI：
10.1002/wea.2776
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发表时间：
2016-09
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Roger K. Smith;M. Montgomery
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roger K. Smith;M. Montgomery
飓风是所有大气现象中最迷人的一种。它们的许多复杂的动力学和热力学可以在经典物理学的范围内得到解释。然而，他们的一些秘密仍有待解开。Emanuel（2005）在他的博学著作《神圣的风：飓风的历史和科学》中讨论了这些天气系统的许多方面。在本书出版后的十年里，人们在理解这些风暴方面取得了进一步的进展。在飞机侦察数据和下投式探空仪探测的支持下，利用数值模型模拟，从理想化的思想实验中获得了新的见解。这些见解为理解飓风强化和结构变化提供了新的范例。本文将对最近研究结果的一些关键要素进行综述。大多数以前的飓风理论都是基于这样的假设，即在第一近似下，风暴是轴对称的。然而，这个假设实际上只对成熟的风暴有效，而且只在这些风暴的内核区域有效。然而，这一假设被证明是一个有用的起点，以了解风暴的一些基本特征，在一个环境中与弱垂直切变。
Introduction Hurricanes are one of the most fascinating of all atmospheric phenomena. Much of their intricate dynamics and thermodynamics can be explained within the realm of classical physics. However, some of their secrets remain to be unlocked. Many aspects of these weather systems are discussed by Emanuel (2005) in his erudite book entitled "Divine wind: The history and science of hurricanes". In the decade since this book appeared, further progress has been made in understanding these storms. New insights have been obtained from idealized thought experiments using numerical model simulations, supported by aircraft reconnaissance data and dropsonde soundings. These insights have led to a new paradigm for understanding hurricane intensification and structure change. Some of the key elements of recent findings will be reviewed in this article. Most previous theories of hurricanes are based on the assumption that, to a first approximation, the storms are axisymmetric. However, this assumption is really only valid for mature storms and then only in the inner core region of these storms. Nevertheless, the assumption proves to be a useful starting point for understanding some of the basic features of storms in an environment with weak vertical shear.