Ready or Not? How Citizens and Public Officials Perceive Risk and Preparedness
Ready or Not? How Citizens and Public Officials Perceive Risk and Preparedness
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DOI：
10.1177/0275074013506517
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Wilson, Rick K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Donahue, Amy K.;Eckel, Catherine C.;Wilson, Rick K.
人们准备得越充分，灾难来袭时所受的伤害就越小。然而，坊间和经验证据表明，人们高估了自己的准备，准备不足。虽然关于灾害、风险和脆弱性以及灾害政策、政治和管理的文献已经成熟，但关于个人准备的文献要有限得多，而且不一致。我们对人们为什么做准备(或为什么不做)以及什么会让他们做更多准备知之甚少。因此，公共管理者对如何设计有效的准备计划感到困惑。在这篇文章中，我们综述了关于准备的文献，以明确我们在理解公民何时以及如何对灾难威胁做出反应方面的差距。然后，我们检查和比较个人和政府官员对风险和准备的看法，借鉴一项为期4年的研究的见解，这项研究涉及三项全国性调查和两个社区的密集研究。我们使用这一分析来解决两个问题：公民对风险和准备工作有什么想法和做了什么，为什么？地方政府官员如何了解公民对风险和准备的想法和行为？
The more prepared people are, the less harm they will suffer when disaster strikes. Yet anecdotal and empirical evidence shows that people overestimate their preparedness and are underprepared. While a robust literature has matured around hazards, risk, and vulnerability, and disaster policy, politics, and management, the literature about individual preparedness is much more limited and inconsistent. We know little about why people prepare ( or why they do not), and what would make them prepare more. As a result, public managers are at a loss about how to design effective preparedness programs. In this paper, we survey the literature on preparedness to crystallize the gaps in our understanding of when and how citizens react to the threat of disaster. We then examine and compare the views of risk and preparedness held by individuals and government officials drawing on insights from a 4-year study that involved three national surveys and intensive studies in two communities. We use this analysis to address two questions: What do citizens think and do about risks and preparedness, and why? How do local government officials understand what citizens think and do about risks and preparedness?