An empirical review of the neural underpinnings of receiving and giving social support: implications for health.
An empirical review of the neural underpinnings of receiving and giving social support: implications for health.
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DOI：
10.1097/psy.0b013e31829de2e7
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Eisenberger NI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eisenberger NI
数十年的研究表明，社会关系和健康之间存在着密切的联系。尽管有大量证据表明，社会支持可以减弱下游与健康相关的生理应激反应，但将对社会联系的感知转化为改变的生理反应的神经认知机制仍未完全了解。这篇综述结合了社会和情感神经科学的研究，阐明了社会支持过程中的一些神经机制，这可能会加深我们对社会支持影响健康的方式的理解。这篇综述的重点是两种已被证明与健康有关的社会支持：接受和给予社会支持。作为接受支持的神经基础，本文回顾了接受支持可能通过激活对安全作出反应并抑制威胁相关的神经和生理反应的神经区域而有益于健康的假说。然后，本文将回顾神经影像研究，在这些研究中，受试者在负面体验中获得支持，以及自我报告的支持与对负面体验的神经反应相关。作为给予支持的神经基础，本文回顾了一种假说，即参与母亲照料行为的神经区可能通过抑制威胁相关的神经和生理反应而对给予支持的健康益处起关键作用。然后将对受试者向他人提供支持或从事其他相关形式的亲社会行为的神经成像研究进行审查。文中还讨论了这些发现对加深我们对社会支持和健康之间关系的理解的意义。
Decades of research have demonstrated strong links between social ties and health. Although considerable evidence has shown that social support can attenuate downstream physiological stress responses that are relevant to health, the neurocognitive mechanisms that translate perceptions of social ties into altered physiological responses are still not fully understood. This review integrates research from social and affective neuroscience to illuminate some of the neural mechanisms involved in social support processes, which may further our understanding of the ways in which social support influence health. This review focuses on two types of social support that have been shown to relate to health: receiving and giving social support. As the neural basis of receiving support, this article reviews the hypothesis that receiving support may benefit health through the activation of neural regions that respond to safety and inhibit threat-related neural and physiological responding. This article will then review neuroimaging studies in which subjects were primed with or received support during a negative experience as well as studies in which self-reports of perceived support were correlated with neural responses to a negative experience. As the neural basis of giving support, this article reviews the hypothesis that neural regions involved in maternal caregiving behavior may be critical for the health benefits of support-giving through the inhibition of threat-related neural and physiological responding. Neuroimaging studies in which subjects provided support to others or engaged in other related forms of prosocial behavior will then be reviewed. Implications of these findings for furthering our understanding of the relationships between social support and health are discussed.