Physiological and pathological roles of exosomes in the nervous system
Physiological and pathological roles of exosomes in the nervous system
复制标题
DOI：
10.1515/bmc-2015-0033
复制
发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Yuyama;Y. Igarashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Yuyama;Y. Igarashi
摘要外泌体是细胞外纳米囊泡的一种亚型，它是由限制性内体膜的腔内出芽和随后的胞吐作用产生的。它们包裹或与过时的分子结合，以消除或在细胞间通讯中转移它们的货物。外泌体也在神经系统中的神经元和神经胶质之间释放和运输，对神经发育，激活和再生具有广泛的影响。越来越多的证据表明，外泌体是几种神经退行性疾病，如朊病毒病，阿尔茨海默病，帕金森病，肌萎缩侧索硬化症，以及衰老的发病机制，其中外泌体缺乏细胞自我修复的能力，并在神经元中传播其封闭的病理因子。本文综述了目前提出的外泌体在神经系统生理和病理过程中的功能。
Abstract Exosomes represent a subtype of extracellular nanovesicles that are generated from the luminal budding of limiting endosomal membranes and subsequent exocytosis. They encapsulate or associate with obsolete molecules to eliminate or to transfer their cargos in intercellular communication. The exosomes are also released and transported between neurons and glia in the nervous system, having a broad impact on nerve development, activation and regeneration. Accumulating evidence suggests that the exosomes are attributed to the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases such as prion disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as aging, in which the exosomes lack the capacity for cellular self-repair and spread their enclosed pathological agents among neurons. In this article, we review the current proposed functions of exosomes in physiological and pathological processes in the nervous system.