A Comprehensive Analysis of Genes Encoding Small Secreted Proteins Identifies Candidate Effectors in Melampsora larici-populina (Poplar Leaf Rust)
A Comprehensive Analysis of Genes Encoding Small Secreted Proteins Identifies Candidate Effectors in Melampsora larici-populina (Poplar Leaf Rust)
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DOI：
10.1094/mpmi-09-11-0238
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Duplessis, Sebastien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hacquard, Stephane;Joly, David L.;Duplessis, Sebastien
专性生物营养锈菌是杨树最具破坏性和广泛分布的病原菌。近年来的研究已经从植物生物营养丝状病原体中发现了各种小分泌蛋白（SSP），并强调了它们在宿主-病原体相互作用中的作用。最近对落叶松-populina锈菌基因组序列的分析显示，该锈菌中存在1184个ssp编码基因。在本研究中，研究人员研究了这些SSP的表达和进化动力学，以确定可能参与锈菌与杨树相互作用的效应因子库。与先前在melamsora spp中描述的效应物的相似性，半胱氨酸的丰富度和大家族的组织进行了广泛的详细和讨论。对同源基因簇进行的阳性选择分析揭示了快速进化的候选效应物。经筛选的松毛虫SSP在叶片侵染过程中及时协调表达，免疫定位证实4个候选效应子在不同的锈病侵染结构中积累。这种综合和多方面的方法有助于优先考虑候选效应基因的功能研究。
The obligate biotrophic rust fungus Melampsora larici-populina is the most devastating and widespread pathogen of poplars. Studies over recent years have identified various small secreted proteins (SSP) from plant biotrophic filamentous pathogens and have highlighted their role as effectors in host-pathogen interactions. The recent analysis of the M. larici-populina genome sequence has revealed the presence of 1,184 SSP-encoding genes in this rust fungus. In the present study, the expression and evolutionary dynamics of these SSP were investigated to pinpoint the arsenal of putative effectors that could be involved in the interaction between the rust fungus and poplar. Similarity with effectors previously described in Melampsora spp., richness in cysteines, and organization in large families were extensively detailed and discussed. Positive selection analyses conducted over clusters of paralogous genes revealed fast-evolving candidate effectors. Transcript profiling of selected M. laricipopulina SSP showed a timely coordinated expression during leaf infection, and the accumulation of four candidate effectors in distinct rust infection structures was demonstrated by immunolocalization. This integrated and multifaceted approach helps to prioritize candidate effector genes for functional studies.