The mouse X chromosome is enriched for sex-biased genes not subject to selection by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation
The mouse X chromosome is enriched for sex-biased genes not subject to selection by meiotic sex chromosome inactivation
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DOI：
10.1038/ng1368
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发表时间：
2004-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
30.8
通讯作者：
Camerini-Otero, RD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khil, PP;Smirnova, NA;Camerini-Otero, RD
性染色体受到性别特异性选择性进化力量的影响(1,2)。一种模型预测，具有性别偏向表达的基因应该在 X 染色体 (2-5) 上富集。与莱斯的假设(3)一致，精原细胞基因在小鼠的X染色体上过多(6)，而与性和生殖相关的基因在人类X染色体上过多(7,8)。然而，在线虫和果蝇的 X 染色体上偏雄性基因的代表性不足(9-11)。在这里，我们发现小鼠精子发生基因在 X 染色体上的代表性相对较低，而雌性偏向的基因则在其上丰富。我们使用减数分裂早期精子发生受阻的 Spo11(-/-) 小鼠(12) 来评估精子发育中基因表达的时间模式。在 Spo11 阻断之前表达的基因在 X 染色体上富集，而在精子发生后期表达的基因则被耗尽。雄性减数分裂中 X 染色体的失活可能是 X 染色体去男性化的普遍驱动力。
Sex chromosomes are subject to sex-specific selective evolutionary forcest(1,2). One model predicts that genes with sex-biased expression should be enriched on the X chromosome(2-5). In agreement with Rice's hypothesis(3), spermatogonial genes are over-represented on the X chromosome of mice(6) and sex- and reproduction-related genes are over-represented on the human X chromosome(7,8). Male-biased genes are under-represented on the X chromosome in worms and flies(9-11), however. Here we show that mouse spermatogenesis genes are relatively underrepresented on the X chromosome and female-biased genes are enriched on it. We used Spo11(-/-) mice blocked in spermatogenesis early in meiosis(12) to evaluate the temporal pattern of gene expression in sperm development. Genes expressed before the Spo11 block are enriched on the X chromosome, whereas those expressed later in spermatogenesis are depleted. Inactivation of the X chromosome in male meiosis may be a universal driving force for X-chromosome demasculinization.