Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution in a South Carolina Watershed by Ribotyping Escherichia coli: A Case Study
Tracking Sources of Fecal Pollution in a South Carolina Watershed by Ribotyping Escherichia coli: A Case Study
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通过大肠杆菌核糖分型追踪南卡罗来纳州流域粪便污染源：案例研究
DOI：
10.1080/15275920490423999
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
J. Lukasik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Scott;Joel R. Caren;G. R. Nelson;T. Jenkins;J. Lukasik
水系统的粪便污染会给人类健康带来很高的风险，并可能因海滩和贝类捕捞区的关闭而造成重大经济损失。有效跟踪流域内污染源的能力对于适当的风险评估以及评估和实施补救措施至关重要。一些微生物学、基因型、表型和化学方法已被提出作为追踪粪便污染源的有用工具。在这里，我们描述了有效使用核糖分型微生物源追踪程序来确定南卡罗来纳州流域内大肠杆菌的来源。在这项研究中，使用我们现有的核糖型谱数据库，收集到的 92% 的动物源性大肠杆菌分离株被正确分类为动物源性。这些结果表明，在使用我们的核糖分型 DNA 指纹分析程序对大肠杆菌进行广泛来源（人类与动物）分类时，大肠杆菌的时间和空间多样性可能不是一个重要因素。此外，水样中的核糖体型谱与已知动物来源的核糖体型谱的直接匹配被用作该流域粪便输入的潜在主要来源的指数。当核糖型谱的统计分析表明一般动物粪便污染时，该方法可用于评估可能的特定动物来源。在调查该流域的潜在粪便输入之前，怀疑重要的人类来源是主要输入；然而，在本研究过程中从水样中分离出的 515 株大肠杆菌中，88% 被归类为动物粪便来源。因此，这项研究对于认识到动物可能是重要的污染源以及应重新调整补救工作以适应这些发现至关重要。本研究总结了成功利用核糖分型进一步解决“真实”水质和管理问题的少数案例研究之一。
Fecal pollution of water systems can exact high risks to human health and can result in significant economic losses due to closures of beaches and shellfish harvesting areas. The ability to effectively track the sources of pollution within a watershed is imperative for proper risk assessment and remedial efforts to be evaluated and enacted. Several microbiological, genotypic, phenotypic, and chemical methods have been proposed as useful tools for tracking the sources of fecal pollution. Here, we describe the effective use of the ribotyping microbial source tracking procedure to determine the source(s) of Escherichia coli within a South Carolina watershed. In this study, 92% of animal-derived E. coli isolates collected were correctly classified as being of animal origin using our existing ribotype profile database. These results suggest that the temporal and spatial diversity of E. coli may not be a significant factor in broad source (human versus animal) classification of E. coli by using our ribotyping DNA fingerprinting procedure. In addition, direct matching of ribotype profiles from water samples to those from known animal sources was used as an index of the potential predominant sources of fecal input(s) into this watershed. This method was useful in assessing possible specific animal sources when statistical analysis of a ribotype profile indicated general animal fecal pollution. Prior to investigating potential fecal inputs into this watershed, a significant human source was suspected as the primary input; however, of the 515 E. coli isolated from water samples collected during the course of this study, 88% were typed as being of animal fecal origin. Thus, this study was integral in the realization that animals may be a significant source of contamination and that remediation efforts should be redirected to accommodate these findings. This study summarizes one of the few case studies in which ribotyping was successfully utilized to further resolve a “true-life” water quality and management problem.