Habitat use of the endangered butterfly Euphydryas maturna and forestry in Central Europe
Habitat use of the endangered butterfly Euphydryas maturna and forestry in Central Europe
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中欧濒危蝴蝶 Euphyyas maturna 的栖息地利用和林业
DOI：
10.1111/j.1469-1795.2006.00045.x
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
C. Stettmer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Freese;J. Benes;R. Bolz;O. Čížek;M. Dolek;A. Geyer;P. Gros;M. Konvička;A. Liegl;C. Stettmer
对欧洲林地衰退蝴蝶的生态需求的了解仍然有限，这阻碍了对它们所在地区的保护管理。这也适用于受到大陆威胁的稀有贝母。根据在中欧收集到的关于其栖息地使用的最大数据集，我们分析了其种群在奥地利(A)、捷克共和国(Cz)和德国(D)的栖息地需求。所有被研究的种群都生活在林地内的开阔树冠位置，但幼虫在全日照下存活率下降，而且首选的地点相对潮湿和遮蔽。越冬前幼虫的巢出现在离地面1.5-3 米的精华水曲柳末端枝条上。冬眠前死亡率达70%(Cz，D)。另一个限制因素是林地植被的质量：冬眠后的幼虫食用各种草本植物和灌木，成虫的分布与花蜜的供应有关。因此，蝴蝶依赖于落叶林高度异质的早期演替阶段，历史上由采伐(Cz，D)和森林牧场(A)维持。这些传统方法的恢复为中欧成熟蝴蝶的生存提供了唯一的机会，这种蝴蝶可能会成为开放树冠林地其他受威胁生物的旗舰。
The knowledge of ecological requirements of declining butterflies of European woodlands remains limited, which hinders conservation management of their localities. This also applies for continentally threatened scarce fritillary Euphydryas maturna. On the basis of the largest data set on its habitat use ever collected in Central Europe, we analyse habitat requirements of its populations in Austria (A), the Czech Republic (Cz) and Germany (D). All studied populations inhabit open‐canopy sites within woodlands, but larval survival decreases under full sun and preferred sites are relatively humid and sheltered. Nests of pre‐hibernation larvae occur at terminal branches of Fraxinus excelsior, 1.5–3 m above the ground. Pre‐hibernation mortality reaches 70% (Cz, D). Another limiting factor is quality of woodland vegetation: post‐hibernation larvae consume a wide range of herbs and shrubs, and adult distribution is linked to nectar availability. The butterfly thus depends on highly heterogeneous early successional stages of deciduous woods, historically maintained by coppicing (Cz, D) and forest pasture (A). Restoration of these traditional methods offers the only chance for survival of E. maturna in Central Europe, and the butterfly may become a flagship for other threatened organisms of open‐canopy woodlands.