Equity and public finance issues in the state subsidy of public transit
Equity and public finance issues in the state subsidy of public transit
复制标题
公共交通国家补贴中的公平与公共财政问题
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Wellman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nancy W. Hudspeth;G. Wellman
目的
公共交通对于没有汽车的人来说是一项基本服务，特别是对于低收入者、老年人或残疾人来说。此前的研究发现，大型城市交通机构每次出行获得的国家资金少于郊区机构。本文旨在探讨这一问题。
设计/方法论/途径
作者利用美国 37 家最大的交通机构的国家交通数据库的数据，创建了 1991-2009 年期间提供的服务和运营资金来源的面板数据集。作者开发了一个股票指数，该指数代表一个机构获得的州资金份额与其提供的州内交通总量份额之间的差异。作者使用固定效应回归模型来研究财政平衡和股票指数的决定因素。
研究结果
作者发现，一个机构的运营资金中来自专用税的份额是通过其财政余额衡量的财政健康状况的重要预测指标。对客运票价和提供巴士服务的依赖是运营赤字的重要预测因素。股票指数发现，大型机构获得的州交通资金低于其基于客流量的公平份额。
实际意义
专用税收收入是交通机构财政稳定的关键因素。没有专门税收的州和地方的交通机构的财政状况可以从这种税收中受益。
社会影响
对于无法驾驶或拥有汽车的人来说，交通是一项基本服务；资金不平等维持了“过境依赖者”的旧有隔离和隔离模式。
原创性/价值
这项研究支持了早期的研究发现，即大型机构根据客流量获得的国家资金少于其应得的份额。它为有关运输公平和过境金融的文献做出了贡献。
Purpose
Public transit is an essential service for people without access to an automobile, particularly those who are low income, elderly, or with disabilities. Previous research has found that large urban transit agencies receive less state funding per ride provided than suburban agencies. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
Using data from the National Transit Database for 37 of the largest US transit agencies, the authors create a panel data set of services provided and sources of operating funds for the period 1991-2009. The authors develop an equity index that represents the difference between the share of state funding that an agency receives and the share of the total transit rides in the state that it provides. The authors use fixed-effects regression modeling to examine the determinants of fiscal balance and the equity index.
Findings
The authors find that the share of an agency’s operating funds that come from dedicated taxes is a significant predictor of fiscal health as measured by its fiscal balance; reliance on passenger fares and provision of bus service are significant predictors of operating deficits. The equity index finds that large agencies receive less than their fair share of state transit funding based on ridership.
Practical implications
Dedicated tax revenues are a key ingredient to transit agencies’ fiscal stability. Transit agencies’ fiscal condition in states and localities that do not have a dedicated tax could benefit from such a tax.
Social implications
Transit is an essential service for people who are unable to drive or own an automobile; funding inequities maintain old patterns of segregation and isolation for “transit dependents.”
Originality/value
This study supports earlier research finding that large agencies receive less than their fair share of state funding based on ridership. It contributes to the literature on transportation equity and transit finance.