European Americans' intentions to confront racial bias: Considering who, what (kind), and why
European Americans' intentions to confront racial bias: Considering who, what (kind), and why
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104123
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发表时间：
2021-07
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Riana M. Brown;M. A. Craig;E. Apfelbaum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Riana M. Brown;M. A. Craig;E. Apfelbaum
对抗研究主要关注是什么驱使个人意图对抗表达偏见态度的陌生人（即人际偏见；有关评论，请参阅 Ashburn-Nardo & Karim，2019；Kawakami、Karmali 和 Vaccarino，2019）。然而，偏见以多种形式表现出来，包括有偏见的政策和制度实践（即结构性偏见）或亲密他人（例如朋友）犯下的偏见，而我们对哪些因素阻碍（或促进）对抗这些不同表现形式的偏见的意图知之甚少。在三项实验中，欧洲裔美国人表示，他们更希望面对结构性种族偏见，而不是人际种族偏见。这是因为人们认为，与人际偏见的例子相比，结构性偏见的例子更具危害性，并且对抗会更有效地改变肇事者的行为。此外，与陌生人相比，参与者表示更愿意与朋友对抗（研究 1-2），因为参与者认为他们个人会是有效的对抗者，而朋友会更容易接受。这项工作深入了解了人们面对不同表现形式的偏见的意图，即有偏见的结构和封闭的他人。
Confrontation research has primarily focused on what drives individuals' intentions to confront strangers who express prejudicial attitudes (i.e.,interpersonal bias; for reviews see Ashburn-Nardo & Karim, 2019; Kawakami, Karmali, & Vaccarino, 2019). However, bias manifests in multiple forms, including biased policies and institutional practices (i.e., structural bias) or bias perpetrated by close others (e.g., friends), and little is known about what factors impede (or facilitate) intentions to confront these different manifestations of bias. Across three experiments, European Americans reported wanting to confront instances of structural racial bias more than interpersonal racial bias. This was driven by perceptions that the examples of structural bias were more harmful and that confronting would be more effective in changing the perpetrator's behavior, compared with examples of interpersonal bias. Additionally, participants expressed greater intentions to confront friends over strangers (Studies 1–2), due to participants' perceptions that they personally would be effective confronters and that friends would be more receptive. This work provides insight into people's intentions to confront varying manifestations of bias, namely biased structures and close others.