FIRE AND OTHER FACTORS CONTROLLING THE BIG WOODS VEGETATION OF MINNESOTA IN THE MID-19TH CENTURY
FIRE AND OTHER FACTORS CONTROLLING THE BIG WOODS VEGETATION OF MINNESOTA IN THE MID-19TH CENTURY
复制标题
DOI：
10.2307/1942499
复制
发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
GRIMM, EC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRIMM, EC
1847-1850 年原始土地调查记录中的结果树数据被用来重建明尼苏达州中南部草原林地边界沿线的大森林和邻近地区的植被。大森林的特征树种包括榆树 (Ulmus)、椴木 (Tilia americana)、糖枫 (Acer saccharum)、铁木 (Ostrya virginiana)、苦果山核桃 (Carya cordiformis)、白胡桃 (Juglans cinerea) 和白蜡树 (Fraxinus)。最常见的树是榆树，占结果树的 27%。大森林和草原之间通常有一片由耐火橡树和白杨组成的缓冲区。该区域的宽度取决于地形和额外防火带的存在，这些防火带在某些地方在大树林和橡树白杨之间形成了清晰的边界。草原-林地边界通常是沿着防火带（水体和地形断裂带）的尖锐边界。在一些地方，非常有效的防火带在草原和大森林之间形成了清晰的界限，没有橡树白杨区介入。植被与火灾概率模式的相关性最强，火灾概率模式是非生物和生物因素的函数。土壤影响火灾概率，但它们也是控制类似火灾概率地区植被的主要因素。土壤排水是控制总体格局单元内植被的最重要因素。由于防火带的位置和现有植被模式控制着火灾概率模式，因此具有几乎相同物理特征的地点支持性质不同类型的持久或稳定植被。
Bearing-tree data from the original land-survey records of 1847-1850 were used to reconstruct the vegetation of the Big Woods and adjacent areas along the prairie-woodland border in south-central Minnesota. The characteristic tree taxa of the Big Woods were elm (Ulmus), basswood (Tilia americana), sugar maple (Acer saccharum), ironwood (Ostrya virginiana), bitternut hickory (Carya cordiformis), butternut (Juglans cinerea) and ash (Fraxinus). The most common tree was elm, which comprised 27% of the bearing trees. A buffer zone of fire-tolerant oaks and aspen generally lay between the Big Woods and prairie. The width of this zone depended on topography and on the presence of additional firebreaks, which in places formed sharp boundaries between the Big Woods and oak-aspen. The prairie-woodland border was characteristically a sharp boundary along firebreaks (water bodies and physiographic breaks). In some places very effective firebreaks formed sharp boundaries between prairie and the Big Woods, with no intervening oak-aspen zone. The vegetation was most strongly correlated with the fire-probability pattern, which was a function of both abiotic and biotic factors. Soils influenced the probability of fire, but they also were the major factor controlling the vegetation within areas of similar fire probability. Soil drainage was the most important factor controlling vegetation within the units of the overall pattern. Because the locations of firebreaks and the existing pattern of vegetation controlled the fire probability pattern, sites with virtually identical physical characteristics supported qualitatively different types of persistent or stable vegetation.