Social birds copy each other's lateral scans while monitoring group mates with low-acuity vision
Social birds copy each other's lateral scans while monitoring group mates with low-acuity vision
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.08.002
复制
发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Butler, Shannon R.;Hosinski, Elizabeth C.;Fernandez-Juricic, Esteban
捕食者可以用来增加觅食和交配的机会，但由于需要监测其他人的行动，这可能会花费大量时间来觅食和反捕食者警惕。然而，人们对动物监测同种的方式知之甚少。我们调查的机制，欧洲椋鸟，普通，使用视觉监测组队友栖息的情况下，通过两个问题。首先，椋鸟会模仿彼此警惕的时间吗？第二，它们是否使用敏锐的视觉中心来监视同伴？我们研究了一个相对较少关注的警惕性组成部分，即横向扫描，它包括在抬头时头部方向的变化（即凝视转移）。我们发现，椋鸟会模仿邻居的扫描时间，使它们在时间上比预期的更接近。与头部运动的随机时间相比，这可以提高社会信息在群体中传播的速度。这种复制效应的强度随邻居距离和跟随者和领导者的性别而变化，这表明椋鸟似乎更有动机复制一些个体。此外，椋鸟倾向于使用视网膜周边（低敏度视力），而不是用它们的敏锐视力中心（高质量视力）来监测邻居，这可能会降低社会监测的成本。横向扫描的定时可能有利于收集社会信息（即在诸如杂音的情况下对组伙伴的移动做出快速反应）。然而，它也可能在延迟任何组成员对个人信息的检测（例如，捕食者攻击）方面具有成本，这是由于在注视方向没有改变的情况下更长的间隙。因此，复制横向扫描的定时可能限于特定的背景（例如，低捕食风险）。(C)2016动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Copying others can be used to enhance foraging and mating opportunities, but can be costly due to the need to monitor the actions of others, which can take time away from foraging and antipredator vigilance. However, little is known about the way animals monitor conspecifics. We investigated the mechanism that European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, use to visually monitor group mates in perching situations through two questions. First, do starlings copy the timing of each other's vigilance? Second, do they use their centres of acute vision to monitor group mates? We studied a component of vigilance that has received relatively little attention, lateral scans, which consist of changes in the orientation of the head (i.e. gaze shifting) while in a head-up position. We found that starlings copied the timing of their neighbour's scans, placing them closer together in time than expected by chance. This could enhance the speed of social information spread within a group compared to random timing of head movements. The strength of this copying effect varied with neighbour distance and the sex of the follower and leader, suggesting that starlings appear to be more motivated to copy some individuals over others. Additionally, instead of monitoring neighbours with their centres of acute vision (high-quality vision), starlings tended to use their retinal periphery (low-acuity vision), potentially reducing the costs of social monitoring. Copying the timing of lateral scans may have advantages for gathering social information (i.e. quick responses to movements of group mates in situations such as murmurations). However, it can also have costs in terms of delaying the detection of personal information by any group member (e.g. predator attack) due to longer gaps without changes in gaze orientation. Therefore, copying the timing of lateral scans may be restricted to specific contexts (e.g. low predation risk). (C) 2016 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.