Ugandan stakeholder hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control: new directions for gene drive risk governance.
Ugandan stakeholder hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control: new directions for gene drive risk governance.
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DOI：
10.1186/s12936-021-03682-6
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发表时间：
2021-03-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Rwabukwali CB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hartley S;Smith RDJ;Kokotovich A;Opesen C;Habtewold T;Ledingham K;Raymond B;Rwabukwali CB
非洲联盟新兴技术高级别小组将基因驱动蚊子确定为消除疟疾的优先技术。预计 5 至 10 年内将在乌干达、马里或布基纳法索进行首次实地试验。在准备过程中，区域和国际参与者正在制定风险治理指南，该指南将描绘识别和评估风险的框架。科学家和生物伦理学家呼吁非洲利益相关者参与这些发展，认为目前缺乏生活在受疟疾影响的国家的人们的知识和观点。然而，迄今为止，很少有非洲利益相关者参与其中，从而对基因驱动蚊子测试和部署的当地社会文化和生态环境留下了知识空白。这项研究调查和分析了乌干达利益相关者对基因驱动蚊子控制疟疾的希望和担忧，并探索了风险治理所需的新方向。这项定性研究借鉴了 2019 年对乌干达利益相关者进行的 19 次深入的半结构化访谈。它探讨了他们对技术的希望以及他们认为相关的风险。编码从研讨会开始，并通过主题分析继续进行。参与者对基因驱动蚊子解决疟疾的希望和担忧分为三个主题：（1）基因驱动蚊子预防疟疾感染的能力； (2) 基因驱动测试和部署的影响； (3) 治理。利益相关者的希望几乎全部落在第一个主题上，而担忧则分散在这三个主题上。研究表明，当地利益相关者能够并且愿意为风险框架的制定贡献相关且重要的知识。国际流程可以提供高水平的指导方针，但风险决策如果要稳健、有意义和合法，就必须立足于当地情况。作为疟疾控制计划的一部分，决定是否释放基因驱动蚊子需要考虑在特定社会、政治、生态和技术背景下评估基因驱动蚊子的风险和益处。正如风险和收益一样，乌干达及其邻国必须确定并讨论实现收益的必要条件。
The African Union’s High-Level Panel on Emerging Technologies identified gene drive mosquitoes as a priority technology for malaria elimination. The first field trials are expected in 5–10 years in Uganda, Mali or Burkina Faso. In preparation, regional and international actors are developing risk governance guidelines which will delineate the framework for identifying and evaluating risks. Scientists and bioethicists have called for African stakeholder involvement in these developments, arguing the knowledge and perspectives of those people living in malaria-afflicted countries is currently missing. However, few African stakeholders have been involved to date, leaving a knowledge gap about the local social-cultural as well as ecological context in which gene drive mosquitoes will be tested and deployed. This study investigates and analyses Ugandan stakeholders’ hopes and concerns about gene drive mosquitoes for malaria control and explores the new directions needed for risk governance. This qualitative study draws on 19 in-depth semi-structured interviews with Ugandan stakeholders in 2019. It explores their hopes for the technology and the risks they believed pertinent. Coding began at a workshop and continued through thematic analysis. Participants’ hopes and concerns for gene drive mosquitoes to address malaria fell into three themes: (1) ability of gene drive mosquitoes to prevent malaria infection; (2) impacts of gene drive testing and deployment; and, (3) governance. Stakeholder hopes fell almost exclusively into the first theme while concerns were spread across all three. The study demonstrates that local stakeholders are able and willing to contribute relevant and important knowledge to the development of risk frameworks. International processes can provide high-level guidelines, but risk decision-making must be grounded in the local context if it is to be robust, meaningful and legitimate. Decisions about whether or not to release gene drive mosquitoes as part of a malaria control programme will need to consider the assessment of both the risks and the benefits of gene drive mosquitoes within a particular social, political, ecological, and technological context. Just as with risks, benefits—and importantly, the conditions that are necessary to realize them—must be identified and debated in Uganda and its neighbouring countries.
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