Public Acceptance of Plant Biotechnology and GM Crops.
Public Acceptance of Plant Biotechnology and GM Crops.
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DOI：
10.3390/v7082819
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发表时间：
2015-07-30
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lucht JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lucht JM
许多国家的农民和全球食品和饲料市场迅速接受转基因作物的种植，而消费者的接受程度往往有限，两者之间存在着巨大的差距。这篇综述对比了农业生物技术实际应用的进展与世界不同地区转基因作物和食品的政治和监管框架的不同路径（也影响了抗病毒转基因作物的发展）。这也形成了消费者的不同看法。影响消费者态度的重要因素是对风险和利益的感知、知识和信任以及个人价值观。最近的政治和社会发展表明，欧洲对农业生物技术的负面环境正在强化，美国对转基因食品进行了越来越多的讨论，包括呼吁对转基因食品进行标签，而中国在考虑到社会讨论的情况下，对转基因大米的可能授权进行了谨慎的发展。新的育种技术解决了消费者对转基因作物的一些担忧，但目前尚不清楚消费者对转基因作物的态度将如何发展。如果有关农业的讨论不那么关注技术，而是关注共同目标和潜在价值，那么讨论将更有成效。
A wide gap exists between the rapid acceptance of genetically modified (GM) crops for cultivation by farmers in many countries and in the global markets for food and feed, and the often-limited acceptance by consumers. This review contrasts the advances of practical applications of agricultural biotechnology with the divergent paths—also affecting the development of virus resistant transgenic crops—of political and regulatory frameworks for GM crops and food in different parts of the world. These have also shaped the different opinions of consumers. Important factors influencing consumer’s attitudes are the perception of risks and benefits, knowledge and trust, and personal values. Recent political and societal developments show a hardening of the negative environment for agricultural biotechnology in Europe, a growing discussion—including calls for labeling of GM food—in the USA, and a careful development in China towards a possible authorization of GM rice that takes the societal discussions into account. New breeding techniques address some consumers’ concerns with transgenic crops, but it is not clear yet how consumers’ attitudes towards them will develop. Discussions about agriculture would be more productive, if they would focus less on technologies, but on common aims and underlying values.