Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems
Impacts of multiple stressors on freshwater biota across spatial scales and ecosystems
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-020-1216-4
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发表时间：
2020-06-15
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Hering, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Birk, Sebastian;Chapman, Daniel;Hering, Daniel
气候和土地利用变化驱动了一系列压力源，这些压力源塑造了生态系统并相互作用产生复杂的生态反应（即加性、拮抗和协同效应）。我们对与此类相互作用的结果相关的空间尺度知之甚少，对效应大小也知之甚少。需要填补这些知识空白，以支持未来的土地管理决策或气候缓解干预措施，以保护和恢复淡水生态系统。这项研究结合了 33 个中宇宙实验、欧洲 14 个河流流域和 22 个跨流域研究的跨尺度数据，产生了 174 种生物反应变量的配对压力源效应组合。广义线性模型显示，在 39% 的分析案例中，两种压力源中只有一种具有显着影响，28% 的配对压力源组合产生相加效应，33% 产生交互（拮抗、协同、相反或逆转）效应。对于湖泊来说，加性效应和交互效应的频率在所有空间尺度上都是相似的，而对于河流来说，这些频率随着尺度的增加而增加。养分富集是湖泊最主要的压力源，其影响通常超过次要压力源。对于河流来说，营养物富集的效果取决于特定的压力源组合和生物响应变量。这些结果证实了湖泊恢复和管理对养分压力的传统关注点，同时强调河流管理需要更多定制的管理解决方案。对欧洲淡水生态系统生物变量的成对压力源影响的跨尺度分析表明，在39%的情况下，显着影响仅限于单一压力源，而养分富集是湖泊中最重要的压力源。加性效应和交互效应的频率相似（各约 30%），该频率与湖泊分析的空间规模无关，但随着河流规模的增加而增加。
Climate and land-use change drive a suite of stressors that shape ecosystems and interact to yield complex ecological responses (that is, additive, antagonistic and synergistic effects). We know little about the spatial scales relevant for the outcomes of such interactions and little about effect sizes. These knowledge gaps need to be filled to underpin future land management decisions or climate mitigation interventions for protecting and restoring freshwater ecosystems. This study combines data across scales from 33 mesocosm experiments with those from 14 river basins and 22 cross-basin studies in Europe, producing 174 combinations of paired-stressor effects on a biological response variable. Generalized linear models showed that only one of the two stressors had a significant effect in 39% of the analysed cases, 28% of the paired-stressor combinations resulted in additive effects and 33% resulted in interactive (antagonistic, synergistic, opposing or reversal) effects. For lakes, the frequencies of additive and interactive effects were similar for all spatial scales addressed, while for rivers these frequencies increased with scale. Nutrient enrichment was the overriding stressor for lakes, with effects generally exceeding those of secondary stressors. For rivers, the effects of nutrient enrichment were dependent on the specific stressor combination and biological response variable. These results vindicate the traditional focus of lake restoration and management on nutrient stress, while highlighting that river management requires more bespoke management solutions.A cross-scale analysis of paired-stressor effects on biological variables of European freshwater ecosystems shows that in 39% of cases, significant effects were limited to single stressors, with nutrient enrichment being the most important of these in lakes. Additive and interactive effects were similarly frequent (ca. 30% each), this frequency being independent of the spatial scale of analysis for lakes but increasing with scale for rivers.