Natural Heterogeneity Prevents Synchronization of Fridges With Deterministic Frequency Control
Natural Heterogeneity Prevents Synchronization of Fridges With Deterministic Frequency Control
复制标题
自然异质性阻碍了冰箱与确定性频率控制的同步
作者：
E. Webborn
冰箱、冰柜和空调等全天循环的电器可以共同提供一秒一秒的电力供需平衡，即所谓的频率响应。以前的研究表明，对同类家电群体的确定性温度设定值控制可能会导致羊群行为，对系统产生有害影响。在这里，我们使用计算模型来建立防止羊群问题所需的最小种群异质性，而不需要集中或随机控制。我们发现冰箱能提供的好处与它们的数量之间存在线性关系。还探讨了不同频率灵敏度对系统效益和冰箱温度的影响，并提出了一个可行的灵敏度范围(控制参数)。我们的方法包括使用来自国家电网的12个月的GB系统数据来模拟大量不同种类的频率敏感冰箱。我们将来自其他响应提供商的历史频率响应与他们在冰箱模拟中的响应进行比较，以确定冰箱种群响应的好处。我们发现，冰箱种群可以为电力系统操作员提供有价值的需求侧响应服务，既不需要昂贵的集中控制基础设施，也不需要随机控制的常规干预来实现温度周期去同步。
Appliances that cycle on and off throughout the day, such as fridges, freezers, and air-conditioners can collectively provide second-by-second electricity supply-demand balancing known as frequency response. Previous studies have shown that deterministic temperature set-point control of a homogeneous population of such appliances can cause herding behavior with detrimental effects on the system. Here, we use computational modeling to establish the minimum population heterogeneity required to prevent herding problems without requiring centralized or stochastic control. We discover a linear relationship between the benefits that fridges can provide and their number. The impact on system benefits and on fridge temperatures of varying fridge frequency sensitivity is also explored, and a viable range for sensitivity (the control parameter) is proposed. Our approach involves simulating a large heterogeneous population of frequency-sensitive fridges using 12 months’ GB system data from National Grid. We compare the historic frequency response from other response providers with their response in our fridge simulations to determine the benefits of the fridge population response. We find that a fridge population can offer a valuable demand-side response service to the electricity system operator, requiring neither the expensive infrastructure of centralized control nor the regular intervention of stochastic control for temperature cycle desynchronization.