MEASUREMENT AND REDISTRIBUTION OF EXCESSIVE PRESSURES DURING WHEELCHAIR SITTING - A CLINICAL REPORT
MEASUREMENT AND REDISTRIBUTION OF EXCESSIVE PRESSURES DURING WHEELCHAIR SITTING - A CLINICAL REPORT
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DOI：
10.1093/ptj/62.7.990
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
ADKINS, HV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PETERSON, MJ;ADKINS, HV
当患者处于坐姿时，坐骨结节、骶骨尾骨区、大转子和小转子以及转子间嵴会承受过大的压力。皮肤不敏感和身体残疾的病人长时间坐着会导致压疮。需要低于20至30 mmHg的压力以防止毛细血管阻塞。当患者以自然坐姿坐在轮椅上时，用传感器系统测量压力。一个座垫，然后“定制”，这将重新分配过度的压力。最常用的垫子是由3英寸或4英寸高密度聚氨酯泡沫制成的。这种材料在制作坐骨结节切口和构建坐骨前杆时很容易修改。因为没有单一的安全坐姿压力，所以必须为每位患者提供一个缓冲支撑系统，以最大限度地降低其过度压力。虽然一个合适的垫子可以重新分配压力，但它永远不能代替每小时进行几次的负重区域减压。
The ischial tuberosities, the sacral coccygeal area, and the greater and lesser trochanters and intertrochanteric crests receive excessive pressures when an individual is in the sitting position. Prolonged sitting by patients with insensitive skin and physical disability can cause pressure sores. Pressures below 20 to 30 mmHg are required to prevent capillary occlusion. Pressures are measured with a transducer system as the patient sits in his natural sitting posture in his wheelchair. A seat cushion is then “customized,” which will redistribute excessive pressures. The most common cushion used is made of 3-in or 4-in high-density polyurethane foam. This material is easily modified when making ischial tuberosity cutouts and constructing a preischial bar. Because there is no single safe sitting pressure, each patient must be provided with a cushion support system that best reduces his excessive pressures. Although a properly fitted cushion can redistribute pressure, it can never substitute for relief of weight-bearing areas routinely carried out several times each hour.