Effects of a past contest on the future winning probability in a hyper‐aggressive fruit fly
Effects of a past contest on the future winning probability in a hyper‐aggressive fruit fly
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DOI：
10.1111/eth.13375
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发表时间：
2023-04
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kai Amino;Takashi Matsuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kai Amino;Takashi Matsuo
在不同的动物类群中，先前的比赛经验会影响随后比赛的结果。一个著名的例子是赢家和输家效应，赢家有更高的获胜概率，而输家在随后的比赛中更有可能失败。先前的研究表明，过去的竞争强度也会通过两种方式影响未来的获胜概率：调节赢家-输家效应的程度或降低赢家和输家的获胜概率。然而，调查比赛结果和强度的影响的研究数量有限。在这里，我们分析了过去的战斗经验对一种超攻击性果蝇的影响，以询问（1）在这个物种中是否存在赢家-输家效应，以及（2）竞争强度如何影响随后的获胜概率。为了理清影响获胜概率的多个因素，我们采用了包括身体尺寸操纵和两次比赛之间的不同间隔比较的实验设计。研究结果不支持输赢效应的存在：第一场比赛的获胜者和失败者在第二场比赛中的获胜概率都有所下降。在较短的时间间隔（2小时），比赛强度产生负面影响的获胜者的获胜概率，虽然其效果的显着性水平略高于统计阈值。相反，竞争强度对失败者没有影响。值得注意的是，比赛强度与获胜概率呈正相关后，较长的时间间隔（1天）的赢家和输家，这表明它反映了内在的战斗潜力的个人。并对可能的机理进行了讨论。我们的研究说明了过去比赛的短暂影响，而不是赢家-输家效应。
In various animal taxa, prior experience of contests influences the consequences of subsequent contests. A well‐known example is the winner and loser effects, in which winners have a higher winning probability, whereas losers become more likely to lose in the subsequent contests. Previous studies have suggested that the intensity of past contests also affects the future winning probability in two ways: modulating the extent of the winner–loser effect or decreasing the winning probability of both winners and losers. However, the number of studies that investigated the effect of both the contest outcome and intensity has been limited. Here, we analyzed the effect of past fighting experience in a hyper‐aggressive fruit flyDrosophila prolongatato ask (1) whether the winner–loser effect exists in this species and (2) how the contest intensity influences the subsequent winning probability. To disentangle the multiple factors affecting the winning probability, we employed the experimental design involving both body size manipulation and the comparison of different intervals between the two contests. The results did not support the existence of the winner–loser effect: both winners and losers of the first contest showed decreased winning probability in the second contest. With a short interval (2 h), contest intensity negatively influenced the winning probability in winners, though the significance level of its effect was marginally above the statistical threshold. In contrast, contest intensity had no effect in losers. Notably, contest intensity positively correlated with the winning probability after the longer interval (1 d) in both winners and losers, suggesting that it reflects the intrinsic fighting potential of individuals. The possible mechanisms underlying the observed results were discussed. Our study illustrates the transient influence of past contests other than the winner–loser effect.