The earliest case of extreme sexual display with exaggerated male organs by two Middle Jurassic mecopterans.
The earliest case of extreme sexual display with exaggerated male organs by two Middle Jurassic mecopterans.
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最早的两个中侏罗世长翅目动物用夸张的男性器官进行极端性展示的案例
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0071378
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Ren D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Q;Shih C;Ren D
研究背景许多现存的雄性动物在性选择中为了炫耀、防御或进攻而表现出夸张的身体部位，例如雄性极乐鸟炫耀多彩而优雅的羽毛，雄性驼鹿和驯鹿长着结构庞大的鹿角。对于昆虫，雄性犀牛和雄鹿甲虫有巨大的角状结构用于战斗和竞争，一些雄性Leptopanorpa蝎蛉有很长的腹部末端节用于性展示和竞争。昆虫的化石记录显示，它们的身体部位会因性行为而变得夸张，这是相当罕见的。其中一个例子是两个男性holcorpids与细长的腹部节从第六（A6）到第八（A8）和扩大的男性生殖器从始新世，这表明这些字符的进化发生得相当晚。主要研究结果我们记录了两个Mecopterans夸张的男性身体部位从晚中侏罗世九龙山组在中国东北。两种都有从A6到A8的极度延伸的腹部节和扩大的生殖器，这可能是用于性展示，在较小程度上，用于与其他男性争夺配偶。虽然Fortiholcorpa paradoxa gen. et sp. nov.和Miriholcorpa forgripata gen. et sp. nov.与Holcorpidae有亲缘关系，但由于它们的中脉分枝方式和A8的相对长度存在显著差异，我们认为它们属于Incertae sedis科。paradoxa，后翅5支M静脉的保留不明显。强行的结论/意义这两个新的分类群扩大了记录夸张的男性身体部位的Mecopterans性显示和/或选择从始新世早期到中侏罗世晚期。在蝎蛉科的一些Leptopanorpa中存在类似的特征，这表明由于极度细长的雄性腹部和性器官而导致的性展示和/或性选择超过了在进化过程中笨重的身体和较差的流动性的负面影响。
Background Many extant male animals exhibit exaggerated body parts for display, defense or offence in sexual selection, such as male birds of paradise showing off colorful and elegant feathers and male moose and reindeers bearing large structured antlers. For insects, male rhinoceros and stag beetles have huge horn-like structure for fighting and competition and some male Leptopanorpa scorpionflies have very long abdominal terminal segments for sexual display and competition. Fossil records of insects having exaggerated body parts for sexual display are fairly rare. One example is two male holcorpids with elongate abdominal segments from sixth (A6) to eighth (A8) and enlarged male genitalia from Eocene, suggesting evolution of these characters occurred fairly late. Principal Findings We document two mecopterans with exaggerated male body parts from the late Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation in northeastern China. Both have extremely extended abdominal segments from A6 to A8 and enlarged genitalia, which might have been used for sexual display and, to less extent, for fighting with other males in the competition for mates. Although Fortiholcorpa paradoxa gen. et sp. nov. and Miriholcorpa forcipata gen. et sp. nov. seem to have affinities with Holcorpidae, we deem both as Family Incertae sedis mainly due to significant differences in branching pattern of Media (M) veins and relative length of A8 for F. paradoxa, and indiscernible preservation of 5-branched M veins in hind wing for M. forcipata. Conclusions/Significance These two new taxa have extended the records of exaggerated male body parts of mecopterans for sexual display and/or selection from the Early Eocene to the late Middle Jurassic. The similar character present in some Leptopanorpa of Panorpidae suggests that the sexual display and/or sexual selection due to extremely elongated male abdominal and sexual organs outweigh the negative impact of bulky body and poor mobility in the evolutionary process.
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