Increasing inter-generational social mobility: is educational expansion the answer?
Increasing inter-generational social mobility: is educational expansion the answer?
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DOI：
10.1111/1468-4446.12138
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发表时间：
2015-09-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Buscha, Franz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sturgis, Patrick;Buscha, Franz
政策制定者长期以来一直认为，增加社会教育存量的改革是提高代际社会流动率的关键。然而，尽管这一观点在直觉上是合理的，但支持教育扩张对社会流动性影响的经验证据既间接又薄弱。在本文中，我们使用的最低离校年龄从15岁提高到16岁，在英格兰和威尔士在1972年估计的影响，教育参与和资格获得率代际社会阶层流动性。因为在预期中，在政策实施之前和之后出生的儿童在统计上是可交换的，所以他们接受的教育量的差异可以被视为外部决定的。额外教育收益的外生性质意味着，受改革影响的群体之间的社会流动率差异可以被视为是额外教育造成的。分析的数据来自国家统计局的纵向研究，该研究将1971年至2001年连续十年一次的人口普查中的个人记录联系起来。我们的研究结果表明，虽然改革提高了整个人口的教育程度，削弱了教育程度和阶级出身之间的联系，但代际社会流动率并没有可靠地明显增加。
Reforms which increase the stock of education in a society have long been held by policy-makers as key to improving rates of intergenerational social mobility. Yet, despite the intuitive plausibility of this idea, the empirical evidence in support of an effect of educational expansion on social fluidity is both indirect and weak. In this paper we use the raising of the minimum school leaving age from 15 to 16 years in England and Wales in 1972 to estimate the effect of educational participation and qualification attainment on rates of intergenerational social class mobility. Because, in expectation, children born immediately before and after the policy was implemented are statistically exchangeable, the difference in the amount of education they received may be treated as exogenously determined. The exogenous nature of the additional education gain means that differences in rates of social mobility between cohorts affected by the reform can be treated as having been caused by the additional education. The data for the analysis come from the ONS Longitudinal Study, which links individual records from successive decennial censuses between 1971 and 2001. Our findings show that, although the reform resulted in an increase in educational attainment in the population as a whole and a weakening of the association between attainment and class origin, there was no reliably discernible increase in the rate of intergenerational social mobility.