Delivery and cycling of phosphorus in rivers: a review.
Delivery and cycling of phosphorus in rivers: a review.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.08.002
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发表时间：
2008-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Withers;H. Jarvie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Withers;H. Jarvie
磷(P)供应（浓度和通量）是流动水中生物活动的重要驱动因素，需要加以管理，以避免城市化和农业集约化带来的富营养化影响。为了更好地了解磷源及其生态影响之间的联系，本文研究了河流内滞留和循环在调节河流磷浓度中的作用。就其组成（溶解度和浓度）、输送模式（模式和时间）以及因此的生态相关性而言，进入河流的磷源最好归为废水排放>不透水表面（道路、农家院落）>透水表面（林业、耕地和牧场）径流。生态敏感期可溶性磷排放的局部影响可以与高流量下颗粒磷排放的下游影响区分，因为这些源在河道内的保留、转化和同化过程不同。总结了磷循环过程的物理化学过程的范围，以及这些过程在不同河流环境中根据河流大小、河流地貌和人为压力的不同而变化的重要性。综上所述，在河道内保留（处理）磷的能力是相当大的，从而在不给现有水生群落施加压力的情况下调节下游磷的输送，特别是在源头。为了帮助实现良好的水质，根据补贴压力理论，可以通过调节磷供应来更好地管理这一生态系统服务，同时优化河流中的磷保留。需要进一步的研究来制定最大化磷补贴的流内管理方案，并证明对下游磷输送的调节将减少连接水体富营养化的发生率。
Phosphorus (P) supply (concentration and flux) is an important driver for biological activity in flowing waters and needs to be managed to avoid eutrophication impacts associated with urbanisation and agricultural intensification. This paper examines the role of in-stream retention and cycling in regulating river P concentrations in order to better understand the links between P sources and their ecological impacts. In terms of their composition (solubility and concentration), patterns of delivery (mode and timing) and therefore ecological relevance, P sources entering rivers are best grouped into wastewater discharges > runoff from impervious surfaces (roads, farmyards) > runoff from pervious surfaces (forestry, cultivated land and pasture). The localized impacts of soluble P discharges during ecologically sensitive periods can be distinguished from the downstream impacts associated with particulate P discharges under high flows due to the different processes by which these sources are retained, transformed and assimilated within the river channel. The range of physico-chemical processes involved in P cycling and the variable importance of these processes in different river environments according to stream size, stream geomorphology and anthropogenic pressures are summarised. It is concluded that the capacity to retain (process) P within the river channel, and hence regulate the downstream delivery of P without stressing the aquatic communities present, is considerable, especially in headwaters. To help achieve good water quality, there is scope to better manage this ecosystem service through regulation of P supply whilst optimising in-stream P retention according to subsidy-stress theory. Further research is needed to develop in-stream management options for maximising P subsidies and to demonstrate that regulation of downstream P delivery will reduce the incidence of eutrophication in connected waterbodies.