Livestock metabolomics and the livestock metabolome: A systematic review.
Livestock metabolomics and the livestock metabolome: A systematic review.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0177675
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wishart DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Goldansaz SA;Guo AC;Sajed T;Steele MA;Plastow GS;Wishart DS
代谢组学利用先进的分析化学技术，全面测量细胞、组织和生物体液中大量的小分子代谢物。快速检测和量化单个样本中数百甚至数千种代谢物的能力正在帮助科学家描绘出更完整的全系统代谢和生物学图景。代谢组学还使研究人员能够专注于测量复杂的、难以破译的遗传、表观遗传和环境相互作用的最终产物。因此，代谢组学已成为一种越来越受欢迎的“组学”方法，以帮助人类，作物和模式生物的强大的表型表征。事实上，代谢组学现在已被常规地用于生物医学、营养学和作物研究。它也越来越多地用于牲畜研究和牲畜监测。本系统综述的目的是定量和客观地总结家畜代谢组学的现状，并确定该领域的新兴趋势，首选技术和重要差距。在进行这项审查时，我们还严格评估了牲畜代谢组学在关键领域的应用，如动物健康评估，疾病诊断，生物产品表征和高度理想的经济性状（即，饲料效率、生长潜力和产奶量）。该关键性审查的次要目标是汇编关于家畜代谢组已知组成的数据（5种最常见的家畜物种，即牛、绵羊、山羊、马和猪）。这些数据已通过一个开放访问的综合性牲畜代谢组数据库（LMDB，可在http://www.lmdb.ca上获得）提供。LMDB应该使畜牧研究人员和生产者能够进行更有针对性的代谢组学研究，并确定需要进一步覆盖代谢组学的地方。
Metabolomics uses advanced analytical chemistry techniques to comprehensively measure large numbers of small molecule metabolites in cells, tissues and biofluids. The ability to rapidly detect and quantify hundreds or even thousands of metabolites within a single sample is helping scientists paint a far more complete picture of system-wide metabolism and biology. Metabolomics is also allowing researchers to focus on measuring the end-products of complex, hard-to-decipher genetic, epigenetic and environmental interactions. As a result, metabolomics has become an increasingly popular “omics” approach to assist with the robust phenotypic characterization of humans, crop plants and model organisms. Indeed, metabolomics is now routinely used in biomedical, nutritional and crop research. It is also being increasingly used in livestock research and livestock monitoring. The purpose of this systematic review is to quantitatively and objectively summarize the current status of livestock metabolomics and to identify emerging trends, preferred technologies and important gaps in the field. In conducting this review we also critically assessed the applications of livestock metabolomics in key areas such as animal health assessment, disease diagnosis, bioproduct characterization and biomarker discovery for highly desirable economic traits (i.e., feed efficiency, growth potential and milk production). A secondary goal of this critical review was to compile data on the known composition of the livestock metabolome (for 5 of the most common livestock species namely cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs). These data have been made available through an open access, comprehensive livestock metabolome database (LMDB, available at http://www.lmdb.ca). The LMDB should enable livestock researchers and producers to conduct more targeted metabolomic studies and to identify where further metabolome coverage is needed.