Sensory bias and the adaptiveness of female choice
Sensory bias and the adaptiveness of female choice
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DOI：
10.1086/285964
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发表时间：
1996-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Guilford, T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dawkins, MS;Guilford, T
女性选择进化的理论通常分为适应性理论(例如，女性通过选择一个男性而不是另一个而获得“好基因”)和那些被描述为非适应性或武断的理论(Bradbury and Andersson 1987；Hill 1994；Pomiankowski 1994)。男性质量的诚实广告理论被归入“适应性”范畴，因为女性被认为通过选择具有表明“质量”的昂贵饰品的男性来将遗传利益传递给她们的男性和女性后代(Zahavi 1977；Andersson 1982；Hamilton and Zuk 1982)。将“感觉偏差”、“感觉利用”(Basolo 1990；Endler 1993；Ryan and Rand 1993)或“感觉陷阱”(West-Eberhard 1983)的理论归入非适应性范畴，这些理论通常被认为意味着雌性可能会对来自雄性的特定信号做出反应，因为她们的感觉系统恰好对这种刺激进行了预适应。费舍尔的“失控”理论(Fisher 1958；Lande 1981)被一些人描述为非适应性理论(Fisher 1958；Lande 1981)，理由是雌性不会为其后代获得生存基因(Bradbury and Andersson 1987；Hill 1994)，但显然是适应性的，因为雌性通过她们儿子的吸引力获得了基因。然而，如果“适应性”仅仅等同于为了生存而获得基因，那么这种适应性和非适应性理论之间的区别就具有误导性。因此，希尔(1994年)将“适应性配偶选择模型”(他特别将其等同于诚实的广告模型；页)与“真正任意的配偶选择模型”进行了对比，如感觉偏差模型。他认为“女性感官系统中的偏见可以促进对男性表现特征的偏好，而不受性别选择的影响”(页)。Kirkpatrick(1987)同样提到了女性的偏好，“这些偏好是建立在正在使用的感觉通道中的，可能没有内在的适应价值”(第68页)。这意味着，女性选择可以被描述为适应性的唯一方式是，如果选择的结果是后代具有提高生存能力的基因。然而，雌性对某一特征的偏好可能会影响雌性或其后代的生存或交配成功，从而构成一种适应性特征，这是有许多其他方式的。仅仅因为女性与一个男性而不是另一个男性交配不会带来有益的遗传影响，并不意味着她的选择是非适应性的，因为她仍然可以获得直接的好处(Kirkpatrick，1987；Reynolds和Gross，1990；Kirkpatrick和Ryan，1991)，例如资源。但我们现在认为，她也可以从对感觉偏差的反应中独立获益。我们认为，在可以正确地声称女性的感觉偏见是非适应性之前，它必须是
Theories of the evolution of female choice are commonly divided (Bradbury and Andersson 1987; Hill 1994; Pomiankowski 1994) into those that are described as adaptive (eg, the female gains" good genes" as a result of choosing one male rather than another) and those that are described as nonadaptive or arbitrary. Into the" adaptive" category go theories of honest advertisement of male quality because females are held to pass on genetic benefits to both their male and their female offspring by choosing males with costly ornaments that indicate" quality"(Zahavi 1977; Andersson 1982; Hamilton and Zuk 1982). Into the nonadaptive category go theories of" sensory bias,"" sensory exploitation"(Basolo 1990; Endler 1993; Ryan and Rand 1993), or" sensory traps"(West-Eberhard 1983), which are often taken to imply that females may respond to particular signals from males because their sensory systems just happen to be preadapted to such stimulation. Fisher's" runaway" theory (Fisher 1958; Lande 1981) sits uneasily between the two, described as nonadaptive by some on the grounds that the females do not gain viability genes for their offspring(Bradbury and Andersson 1987; Hill 1994), but being clearly adaptive in the sense that the females gain genetically through the attractiveness of their sons. This distinction between adaptive and nonadaptive theories is, however, misleading if" adaptive" is taken as synonymous only with obtaining genes for viability. Thus, Hill (1994) contrasts" models of adaptive mate choice"(which he specifically equates with honest advertisement models; p. 64) with" truly arbitrary mate choice" such as sensory bias models. He argues that" biases in the sensory systems of females can promote a preference for male display traits independent of sexual selection"(p. 64). Kirkpatrick(1987) similarly refers to female preferences" that are built into the sensory modality being used and may have no intrinsic adaptive value"(p. 68). The implication is that the only way in which female choice can be described as adaptive is if the choice results in offspring with genes for increased viability. However, there are numerous other ways in which female preferences for a trait might affect he survival or mating success of the female or her offspring and thus constitute an adaptive trait. Just because a female gains no beneficial genetic effects from mating with one male rather than another does not mean that her choice is nonadaptive since she may still obtain direct benefits (Kirkpatrick 1987; Reynolds and Gross 1990; Kirkpatrick and Ryan 1991) such as resources. But we now suggest that she can also independently gain from responding to a sensory bias. We argue that before it can properly be claimed that female sensory biases are nonadaptive, it must be