Occasional cooperative breeding in birds and the robustness of comparative analyses concerning the evolution of cooperative breeding.
Occasional cooperative breeding in birds and the robustness of comparative analyses concerning the evolution of cooperative breeding.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40851-016-0041-8
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Suzuki TN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griesser M;Suzuki TN
合作育种是一种广泛而强烈的合作形式，其中个体帮助抚养不是自己的后代。这种行为在鸟类中得到了很好的研究，使用长期和比较研究，为生殖利他主义的进化提供了见解。在大多数合作繁殖的物种中，帮手是与父母在一起的后代，除了独立之外，还帮助抚养年幼的兄弟姐妹。然而，许多合作繁殖物种的研究很少，在152个物种中，这种行为只是偶尔观察到（即，偶尔合作繁殖）。在这里，我们认为，这152个物种的父母照顾模式需要谨慎对待，与偶尔合作育种相关的因素可能不同于与“定期”合作育种。在大多数合作繁殖的物种中，助手在父母或近亲的巢穴中提供异源父母照顾;然而，只有在一个偶尔合作繁殖的物种中，后代才能与父母一起进入下一个繁殖季节。因此，不同的因素可能与定期和偶尔的合作育种。后一种行为类似于种间取食（即，个体喂养另一个物种的后代），这发生在鸟类失去它们的育雏并开始在附近的巢中觅食，或者当鸟类错误地在另一个巢中觅食时。因此，我们建议研究人员在比较分析中排除偶尔合作的育种者，直到他们的地位得到澄清，或将他们单独分类或根据通常观察到的父母照顾模式。这种方法将增加比较分析的稳健性，从而提高我们对推动合作育种演变的因素的理解。本文的在线版本（doi：10.1186/s40851-016-0041-8）包含补充材料，可供授权用户使用。
Cooperative breeding is a widespread and intense form of cooperation, in which individuals help raise offspring that are not their own. This behaviour is particularly well studied in birds, using both long-term and comparative studies that have provided insights into the evolution of reproductive altruism. In most cooperatively breeding species, helpers are offspring that remain with their parents beyond independency and help in the raising of younger siblings. However, many cooperatively breeding species are poorly studied, and in 152 species, this behaviour only has been observed infrequently (i.e., occasional cooperative breeding). Here we argue that the parental care mode of these 152 species needs to be treated with caution, as factors associated with occasional cooperative breeding may differ from those associated with “regular” cooperative breeding. In most cooperatively breeding species, helpers provide alloparental care at the nests of their parents or close relatives; however, only in one occasionally cooperatively breeding species do offspring remain into the next breeding season with their parents. Accordingly, different factors are likely to be associated with regular and occasional cooperative breeding. The latter behaviour resembles interspecific feeding (i.e., individuals feed offspring of another species), which occurs when birds lose their brood and begin feeding at a nearby nest, or when birds mistakenly feed at another nest. Thus, we advise researchers to exclude occasional cooperative breeders in comparative analyses until their status is clarified, or to categorize them separately or according to the typically observed parental care mode. This approach will increase the robustness of comparative analyses and thereby improve our understanding of factors that drive the evolution of cooperative breeding. The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40851-016-0041-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.