The fate of object memory traces under change detection and change blindness
The fate of object memory traces under change detection and change blindness
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2013.05.014
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发表时间：
2013-07-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Busch, Niko A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Busch, Niko A.
观察者往往没有察觉到视觉场景中的实质性变化。这种所谓的变化盲通常被认为是视觉表征稀疏和不稳定的证据。这一概念基于这样的假设，即未能检测到变化意味着变化对象的表示全部丢失。然而，最近的证据表明，在改变盲的情况下，物体记忆表征可以被形成和存储，但不能被提取。这项研究调查了当变化没有被注意到时，物体记忆表征的命运。参与者被呈现给由真实世界物体组成的场景，其中一个物体在每次试验中都会发生变化，同时记录事件相关电位(ERPs)。参与者首先被要求确定变化发生的地点。在另一项识别任务中，参与者随后从变化前或变化后的场景中区分出旧物体和全新物体。通过比较旧物体和新物体的事件相关电位来研究物体记忆的神经痕迹。参与者在检测任务中表现不佳，经常无法识别场景中的物体，特别是变化前的物体。然而，在ERP中观察到了一种强大的旧/新效应，即使参与者是变盲的，不认识旧的物体。在改变前和改变后的对象中都发现了这种内隐记忆痕迹。这些发现表明，即使在变化失明的情况下，物体记忆也会被储存起来。因此，视觉表示可能不像之前认为的那样稀疏和不稳定。相反，更改盲目可能表明无法检索和使用这些表示来进行更改检测。(C)2013爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Observers often fail to detect substantial changes in a visual scene. This so-called change blindness is often taken as evidence that visual representations are sparse and volatile. This notion rests on the assumption that the failure to detect a change implies that representations of the changing objects are lost all together. However, recent evidence suggests that under change blindness, object memory representations may be formed and stored, but not retrieved. This study investigated the fate of object memory representations when changes go unnoticed. Participants were presented with scenes consisting of real world objects, one of which changed on each trial, while recording event-related potentials (ERPs). Participants were first asked to localize where the change had occurred. In an additional recognition task, participants then discriminated old objects, either from the pre-change or the post-change scene, from entirely new objects. Neural traces of object memories were studied by comparing ERPs for old and novel objects. Participants performed poorly in the detection task and often failed to recognize objects from the scene, especially pre-change objects. However, a robust old/novel effect was observed in the ERP, even when participants were change blind and did not recognize the old object. This implicit memory trace was found both for pre-change and post-change objects. These findings suggest that object memories are stored even under change blindness. Thus, visual representations may not be as sparse and volatile as previously thought. Rather, change blindness may point to a failure to retrieve and use these representations for change detection. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.